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һ 
԰ӭãɴĶɫС紵ҡҷˡ۾Ц趯ĴᣬȻůһɣе˯Ϊˡ 
ӣĹοɣҵŮСӰһģϻ˵ʵ۲̫༱ǡӲū澼ҵĹΣңټҲģοգ 
ش˸Ƿ̧ͷһۣ𷳣ͻأ 
ӣǧ֮壬û˸ɿЩˡӲᷣӣȴҪѵǵġСӰƲģǸüͷʲƵأˮ㽿εòƾѿࡣ 
Ƭ̣䲻ֽ§סȻЦḧüͷȴϬʲἱҪҲͷȥĪСƣᣬʱߣ˺ϼˣ 
ūĵӣҲСӰȻЦƣŵɫһ䷢һ͹ˡ 
֪𣿹˼ҵʱ᲻°ɫһ䣬ĮȻˣ40ӣȥ¡ 
СӰʱģ 
̴ӽԶȥұ˱ۣһ̿˶˵ˣ 
ӡ40ӻҪӿһӹڵأͷ 
ף᲻򣿲40ӾͲˣ΢΢һЦԸҴЩҼСƿǻʹİ 
Ƭ̴֮ӻӣŰ20Ӿͻȥˡ 
ҷԸ٣Ц 
ӻ40ӡ 
˶٣Ц 
̴һףӻ20ӡ 
ǻ20ӣ˭ 
ūˡһ̷ҲƵˡԼԶʵľô죬ҵͷѾͷСƣֽ᲻Сģã 
ӣ 
㻹ҽղ֪ҪҲõԼķƾ㣬𣿡һ˦ֽƿˣû²Ҫҡ 
ʲߵܣûԶԶؾ˵ĽŲһ˵ǻ֪Ǹļˡ 
üͷǰȴ̻˲õЦݣҵ˭ԭǶݹ٣ÿƧĵط 
ߵ˵ûȤƧЩֵ񲻶ɽҰ򣿡һҲҵƣЦһȴ۾Ǳ߶ѪСƣ⺢Ӳߵϲߵˣƶô󵨣ͽҸ£ߵܰװ׵ 
ƣģƾظԼˡƶţƣЦСƣȡԼ˿Сĵز˿ڣ˺ˣǸˣɣˣСӰȥúˡ 
ӣ߯ӣѾȥˡ̴Ӽæ 
ˣϵ˿䵽˵ϣ᲻ꣿˣƶ֪ƽغϵãѾȥˣͺúøɣͱٸҶˣòã 
ūŲҡСƵ嶶һѽ˺ˣѹ 
Ӿ̫ˣŰЩūų졣ҶСرذֻūŵġ 
²Ϊʲ᣿бŷԸ˵ݲ衣 
ߵܳ˸ģǲ²¿أ 
˵Ц£µóЦʾСƶ˲裬ֺһڣȻ᲻ĵĴСڲˮȵСһٶӵضһﲻҼˡ 
ɫһ࣬ת˲ЦȻԼЩūǳö졣ʮ涫ٵ£֪˾ܹʲԸ 
ʲ˾ܹܣҵǲҲһ̫ӿ̫УЩأͷ۵ý㵹⵵£װҵķ¡ҰһۣһĴ̾ɫ磬ԼֵҲŹ 
ΪͷۣĲֵţ֪һϷӣ涫٣ضĲãЩ˵İȵǾʳڣ׽Ƶشս 
ҳ΢΢һЦˣֻİӾңǻʲ̿ҵǵòʧ 
ߵܲĶܵˣЩҲסˡ 
᣿ҲǰװģʲˣܽʶЩӰ˵Сְڣൣ 
ߵ˵ҲǣȽ㸮ϣһ 
һЦ󣬵ῴϷ࣬ʲԵɣ 
ߵ˵ҿΪġ 
֪㰮ϧܵܣʶ磬ǰﶨжϲԲŷʱˣҪչ˵ġ 
˵Ӧˣ 
оǹҸϰɣؿСƻ˵ҲˣͲͶˡ 
ҸͽеĸϡǸĽǶߵܶչˡǡ 
࣬飿ҺǺЦϲ֪˾СƵ˺һ飬ֱҲŷ֪֡ˣ¡ˣҲò˺ùӳԡ 
ӡСҪػȴһҰŪҵ˽гֻҧס´͵ͨ졣 
Щýɣҹߴ̯ϡҽ⿪˴˵½󣬾ƽԼڡϸΪ컯յ˵棬Ľϸӵش̼һ̧ΣѸٵط£ǵϢϲ˵Ľţǻٵһ˵ʶԼǸĶҪ˭˭Ҫ˭˭͵ 
춻ʼңѧĮƣǻġңǻʼҵӣճԭʲӲĿɽȴΪڻн̫ܵʳ谮ˣģĮ;ơ֪˶ңǱϿǸӣлдº͵ӣȴµҪΪϲŭ޳ɱ̸Ц䣬һҪǵСȴңҲɱˣһģܾԼСԼϣ˵ͻȻһУҶһͦʱ亹꣬Ҳ 
Сһҵĺ֮ᣬһйƽƿ赹ڻСƣԸԱɫɺת̴ӣԸ˱Ҫš 
Ҫȥ 
ȥĮɨСһۣ͸ѪһҰ㲡ȥϴԸ̫ҽˡ 
ǣӡ 



ڶ 
ҵʵ֮ݻĵڸԵĳªǰĶǺͶթγһ̫ƽģʴģ 
μ̫ӡҹ춶ͥʶزȥϷ 
ˣ̫׵ӹش 
ǣһ 
һϤ涵ò˵ɣкþûأ 
ķԸ߽޹Ȼ룬Ĵɫζ࿡ԣһɼδϵãɼ컷羰ʢʳз磬λҲ󶼾ͯȿԷйֲصǻµͼ֡Ȼ̫ȴϲɫѡ̫ɣһ޶ԵӣȻüλѽ̫ӱȡ 
̧ͷɨǼͯЦƺʱ򡣡 
᲻ʱǼӹ֬׷۰ɡ׵ɫһ򣬡ûĵߵܣòĿ˶Ͱֳˡ֧ߵˣ߹һѱסң壬òɰˡ 
̫ңƿ 
㲻ţ׵ЩȻѧˡ 
ң᲻Ƽݵҵƿͬצֽš 
ҲŲȥ㸮ҪȥǸƶĺϷϧˡҲȥַɴסӦһˣȴҪҿͱһӣ 
⻰òƽѵݺ裿ڸʲ£ѵҪֱ˵ɣ 
Ǽ˶ҲͽģûȤԼңԹ׵ҲܣˣҾֻҪһҲǲ̸µģһͰ˽齡ҷɿҪ֡ 
ˣ 
ζҲϲüͷƿҪ˵ 
˵ңԼϲԷɴף£ʲҪǵүŪţ㬵ؽһ汧Թһذҵ·ҲҪ㲻ϲζҾȥϴҪϴһϴʼɣһʼ˵ζأ 
̫ӵΪͳˣ䷳գȴԹԵ˶ȪԡأȻƸŪ 
ûңҶߴŪҧҵĶ 
˸µϷ٣սԼĸ￴ҾûġظҲҪ̫ӸһֳʲҶûкôһһ˵¡ 
ҵļ羱˿Ϊ⡣Щ 
Լأ㲻Һ㣿ƿҶӡ 
㲻Ầң㡣׵дΡ 
ңЦˣ̫̫ˡ 
㺦ңҲĸʡĿƣյ 
㩤͵ҵĴסҪѵĻͷ 
Ҽܺؽδطſҡ 
ѵٲٵģЩյصңҾҪרһ㰮ңɲɣ 
סұۣȻġ 
ǵĹϵӺʱãȻ˼ʲɾң궫һ棬Ƿע֮еǣ׵Ŀ⣬ʼȵ׷ҡͬǧ棬֮Ұͷ·ԼҲҵֱ˶ִﶥˣһͬ׹ 
׹֮ĸоǿֵʹзʢеĵҲ˲ܵһɣοһأ 
ɢؿ׵ļͷָʪĺڷˮڿɢͬ춷ŵɫζײɵؿҧҵļ羱λƺÿÿһЦƿ 
ϲЦײƵҵЦݣƽʱЦ 
Ϊƽʱ񾭣ԼʹЦҲ˷ڡϾ׵ĻвչաףҪСߵˡ 
Ĳ̫ˡΪȻЦǶߣȻɷġ 
΢΢һЦƽﲻҪ̫Ƕ̫ӵĲл΢ǵġ 
ʲ᣿ԴףҸʹˡ 
⻰֣ƽ޹ʳʲףҪҽڣҲҪҵ⵲ơ㰮٣컯յ棬޹ءƿ¶𣬡ʱҲˣҪȥˡ 
壬¶𣿡Եסҵ½ 
֣ޣֲ֪ǷǡǱͼҺãأ㵹һҲⰡ 
Ҳֻ֡һʲ˲𣿡ǱСӸѲ 
治ţʹԼ·ӡ 
ţӣҲŷߡ 
һšϣʹ֮뿪Զ˻ҿɲѧǻӹĻʵۻΪ䡣 
ûջؽϵıīɨһأȻ졣 
̫ӺúñأݼҳЦòãȻһ̫๬ŮĪעȥ 
վͻᴫ̫ү͵ϢЦɣҲûʲ᲻ãֻʰЩҵں 
صø̴̫ҽѾˣСƵû󰭣Լ󳦵ҩͺáҲֻȥƶѾɫ԰׵ڴϣĵϣĶͷûзȣӦûʲ󰭡ǸնΪѾͷֵ𣿡 
ӡСۣģƶһӣʲˣ 
ʲˣĬĬؿ 
ֵֵףƾص󣬾⻰˵ˡ 
ҵƢ⻰Ҳգֻ̾˿㻹Сܶ鲻ס 
ӵĻƶͷȥҡ 
˵Ҳû΢΢һЦǸӡµģΪۣʲһǣ飬׳Щһɣ֮ӡߵˣж˵ɴ۾һҲ㡣 
ӣԻңƺҽ˵Щ 
̾һϷҪȥһ£Ǹġ 
ǣӡԵͷ 
վһӿϣףǺ˲ǳüͷٶȿƶϣ˼Ƭһ£˯ȥЩҾ˯ˡ 
ӣСƾȵؿҼСӽˣ 
ۣ㲻Ҫң˯ɣұۣľǸħե˸⡣СƵĻԺӿʲˣʲˣҿЦˣӦðģֵأ 



 
ȻǸӵģҲ֪ǵʲôôȻ˽һͲðĹ̫೪Щǵ֣гһнүҿСƵļϣֲסɦʣһĲ鲻ԸģƽЩеʱ̧ͷĿСƵϵȥȻǸƷòҲѹֶΪôˡĿ䵭ģ˲ֱͬѲĿ⣬һԳЦݣЦƺ˵Ҳҡ͡һЦԶ˵Ȼ۵ܵܵģôɫ˶ 
Цõ⣬ȴҴ󵨴ĳ߶üͷҶСֹһ䣬Ҫˡ 
üͷһЦŵૣôԭ绹ûнɽ 
ҵúܣ˵ƺ˶ͷѨüͷšûҧгˡ 
ЦøˬʣģҲ֪ҵ˵ֶΣزöʧ 
ˣҾ;Ҳ΢ЦȻȥˡ 
ҿǰЩ棬һˮģȴΪʱˣñʹ³Ҫȴ㡣ģͲΪӦеĶСƣ㿴ЩҪôţ 
ţū𣿡Сһ㶡 
Щ˽ܣΣЦģ̲סҧһڡ 
ʹһӣ 
̻⸮Ĺءҽºվüûȥ̫ѧˣȥ¶¶ɣƶ¾ͽˡ 
ҷԸ˱˼ȥ̫ѧЩûȥˣ˶ض׷ҹšһ뵽ȴֲҷģҵͺõòˡ 
ӡҽŵʱЩʶ飬ҵˣæͣ׷Ҵк 
þò߸ˡ 
ү밲 
ĻڼǱߵķüͷүϡͣþû̫ѧˡǹæԵÿհ 
ǽɢ˰ɣû̫ѧҷӲȱĿأҶǰ౾ͲϲֵֶЦ 
ķüͷøˡ 
кδͽ̣Цֵ߽ƣЦøǵ⡣ǻɢһͷɨһۡңҲƵس̫ѧáɫųȥ˶˵ԡ 
Щ첻ˡЦϿȥ 
㡭ɴۣһʱԡ 
ظ忡ǰϧƯסҲѹ֣ι֮£Ѻúõ˶̣ˡ 
ءһĿҵ֣ŭ˵ 
ѵûңңһίѵ»ˣ 
ô᣿æ͡ 
Цˣ뻳У½Ūǰ죬Ҿ֪ӲǱԵˣԲŸϧӡ 
Ҫӭܵģˡ 
ҧĶô𣿡 
ǡҸָѾҰ½ظһţҪ𣿡 
塭ˡüһ͵ģ 
ҷԸţô㣬Ҫýأֵɼ䣬ȻѾǻȻƵһһˡ 
塭ҲŪʧֻҵҡڣֻһģϸҪ𣿾Ҫҡ 
塭ҪƺصֿһŪǰˣʱ̲סйˡ塭ˡҡ 
ӣֻʱˣԣԼԼԥƬ̣ǵв͵Զڡ塭ҡҪ 
ֻҪԣԻ㡣ذڶϵҡ 
һﴭ 
ӣʲô£ա 
ǻǴġ 
㻹ǲҡ˵˵𣿵ɲô̵ҵġ 
Σʮ״Ԫʮ걻̫Ӹƹ̫ѧڻǶ顣ڶ֮ʶң̵ѧʾ֮⣬Ҳ̻֮Ȼ˭Ҳ˵嵱꾿˭ջ˭˵ǡһֻЦֻԽȫ׹ҵỳѡ 
ҵĻشǶµƿԣ૵ƽﲻ̫ҡˡԩңڽͳΡ 
еĹܲҲҪ̣֪˼ֻ׿˵Լ뷨 
ûеõλ֮ǰֻ̡֧֣ҲǷǳҪġ 
㲻ҲǳЦ 
ʲôǸ̫ûκʵȨ 
пģ´£ĪػšΪҲ֪𣿡ؿڻȦӣЦòá 
̾һ֪زֻΪҡ㸮ǧĶǣҲȱһ 
ЦĴҸеˣֻǣ˴ϻ۶ݹ۴µˣȴֻһܲأ÷ӣ˵˵ɣڳܶ飬ֻλ̫̫ 
ҡͷ̾Ϣ㻹ĲСԣȴӡƬ֮¶𣬿ʼ˵о 
֧̫ӵĺ֧ӵӼ£м˸ϴƽ⣬һϼݱƱشҡ 
ʽյӲ̫ã˭ʹԣһüһЦֲǶ͵˭֣֮ˡ 
ĿƵؿңأδ㣿 
ңҵɴ۾ȨƣֲҪⸯܵ£Ҵʲô 
𣿡ҡͷ̾Ϣ㲻𣿡 
ˡļ򣬡뷨˵ 
ãҾֱ˵ˡ˵ͷ̫ӵӲʺͳԦ£ȴҰҲʵġʱ𵽾Եá֪Ϸ޶ȣͰԼı֣㾿Ҫ£һߣȴ޷¶ȵˡ 
ôأ 
ƽ̫ӹϵãزӡֻҲ£Ҳδػ̫ӡ 
ã 
⽭ɽеҰĵģ˭ҪȴȻص仰 
һòŵ˵еܽˡ 
ãŵȥɣ̳ôѧҾҲֵˡ 
֪Լҡҡͷûн仰˵ڣ뱣壬Ӹˡ 
صԼֵ£һͯƾʲôָֻţ 
ôˣһͷһžβߵܹ̫ࡣ 
ӻĽǶƹӹܽأ 
һüʱһŴ̫ϣǲܽЩ̫ƽزǶϲЩôʹˣվһ߿СЦأֻ֪ƽر軵ˣ֪˿ūҲˣ 
ү 
ղ˭УҴҶžֵһԵѾ̫е 
ˣġû˹ȥͺСһǰˡ 
СֻǸһ񣬳Ĭվҵ 
ү밲鹧ؿͷųԶðүˡ 
ʲôҹ 
С顣ЩҾǵ֣ǹԹԱ֡ 
飿ҵ˵ͷƶô£ 
ӣūĹأûʲôڽǡҲǲĹأһʱڿ죬Ӵᷢ䡣 
㵹顣Цôţܹˣ졣 
 
ƶǸӲˣ˦ʮɲһ˻ţүС˵ĴΪʲô 
̧ʾſСƣϧظ׵գ㣬׳ʲôҲһ̫ҽƣϧƯˡ 
ӣһСˣµģ鷳̫ҽˡСҡͷߵˣȻ֪ҵ˼ѵɱŵ鿴ҪͽҶģʮβֹοС϶֣ 
ƶ̫ˣȻطЪţȥˡԵ˳ҧһĶϱͺһƬ˿̸Ӷˡ 
ߺҲе˰ϣĿǹڵ顣飬㷽лҪ˵ 
ҡ 
һδ꣬ԵĹ̫̽󵨣үǰ񣬻ҳơҡ 
΢΢һЦȫһˡܹܣ˵˵ⲻ֮ô 
үԲ10£ܹܵؿ顣 
ˡ˭֪רų軵ūţЦҡͷ˵ǶϵˣҲ㶯֣ûûˮòҪġҲЩʳǵ£ë˭Ǻ 
үѵǣû棬үԭǸ÷ģүþ͵ø̫ү٣үţһԵͻȻ嵽ǰֱͷ 
΢΢һ㶣˭ 
ܹæǵԭϲ 
ԭԭϰ塣ЦȻȻס˭Ȩǰ˵ģһūţȻе̫ѹң̫٣ǺЦ첻죬ȫһ֮䣬Ҹĸӣĸӣʲôʸ˵ 
ԭϲϰ죬һһģòŷӦ⡭үүūŲأðүү 
ҳ΢ЦΪαҪ 
ԭҪһʲô˵ģϷӣҲҪϷӵϡԭΪǲһģû뵽һ֮ѡͻȻ˳һѳͷԭϲԴ˵ 
һϷҲҪϷӵϣҽĿ飬Ŀдŷŭ裬ίҵӣҪôʳǵ棿Ŀ⣬ҵĲɵһʹСʱҲģߵúܣһ뵽ҵЩ˶ʱԼҡҡͷЦˡÿġĸҪˣ֡ 
ϲҵķӦһصҡ 
û˵ҪΪʲôҪأǸɵһôҸЩüͷ飬ƢȻǴýѹҶûеˡ 
㡪һףҲеЦģʲôֲ֣ԸˣҲϵҪƶƵŪǳ룡 
˵ãһ֣ǸӲֻ㿴ƶȴǴˡģֻ±㻹ߣˣ㲻Ҫˡʲôﶼܾ͹أǸˣԸܹ 
үͷҵĹҪôɣΪʲôҪ 
ЦǸµĳˣҲ˶٣ȴҪ࣬ң岻֪˶ۣ˶ٹҸܶ鶼˽⣬ǹصģ㷸˹ȻҪͷˣ 
˵һʱԣֻ۵ϰ졣 
۾ɲ˵ģֵܶٱ飿ΪҲ֪ЦòãǸȤ˶Ҵ˿̻÷㡣´˹أҿɲô˵ˡˣҲˣǶȥɣ 
Ըɢ֮ⲽƶСѾ˯ˣ 
ˣæʩ񣬱һ 
۲ۣѾ˰ٸ࣬žĹ 
ӣǲϰҵᣬԥҡ 
չȻ̫ϲŭ޳ԼĶᣬҲĻỻһٺôԼӣȻϲŭ޳Ҳһɵģǲ˽⣬Ҳƽ¡׵ͦװ׻һƯ˺ۡƶԹҰɣ 
ӣūŲҡæҪֽһס 
̾˿ƶ˵ʱ򣬲ҪôڡҲϲ 
ӽôˣҡ 
죬ܿҪˣʱ򣬲֪һ⾰ؿͷ첻үˣ㻹𣿡 
ӽպ֣ôܲүɴңǲǷʲô£ 
Ұʵ¹µأСʱĸǰһ˶Ĺûһˣеģֻľ飬Ҳ꣬ͲܳšҺϣи˵˵ֻǿţʲôҲʲôҲ˵ 
ӡҵƶأ 
ǰƶأЦ֪ĸôģǵҵ棬ﻹڿ˵콵ĸȥТǿЦֻΪһΣɱһŮˡ 
ӣôǵãʱֻɣСƾİ 
ԺãҲǼ£ǲǣЦЦḧͷͷƯϲͷˡ 
ӡ̾˿鲻ã 
ңõúܡɱĸ׵־ͿˣΪʲôҪ鲻ãҹЦ 
ӡ 
ס۾㲻ҪңҪҡ¿¶񣬺ǸɱСƵġ 
ӡһ̾ϢȻҽرסƶģʲôӣʲôˣߣһһ 
ɿ۾֣Ȼסģ 
ҷģһΣǰƽȵ۳ƺԼ 
Ц촽˵仰Ըһ£Ȼ⻰ûиΪ⻰ֻ˵ġ 



 
ţת۾Ϳ쵽°룬̫ӵٳڼһͨķΣĵפΪͥԺ԰ӣѽѽҲԸͨ棬ݽϸȻǸǶģذƣﳪȴƽزӡüᣬƽϰֱ治塣ֻ 
˼⣬ңΣ 
˼˼⣬ɡ 
⡣࣬ 
⣬ 



̸Ц䣬 
ɽٹǡ 
첻ˣ 
̽һ鳾 
üͷڲͬġ˼Ҫѣȴֹ̧סƬ֮ᣬҾٲ뿪һСҲüͷ뿪֮ŵ˵ӣźã 
ƶҲ֮⣿̫ϳһǿ̫Ӱ˺ˡ鰡飬㾿ԩԸ̫Ӻأ 
ָģǰͬϹǳսңһᵽǳսСƲԽش˸ 
ʢ뱱ϵսʼûнǳսң̫ˡʵ꼱ɣɽٹǣ̽һ鳾˵һҲûдΪûд񳪳ǴĹ̾˿̫ٵȻ׹ġ 
кδ㣿Сʵ 
һüԸһɲ𣬵ڵ԰ӣϽκ˵ȽǱκζ̫ӺĴţǾͶסûУ 
̵ļ¹򣬷ľ͸¶κ֡ҵ˵ͷС˵㲻زģаš 
Ӳֹ飿ѹɵʵ 
ȻǸҶˣ΢΢һЦʱͿϷɣ 



ҹһ԰ⲽ߽ͥԺﱾͺɵĳ봺ȻûкɻͣΩһرСԺУ¹Ҷ飬Ҳһ¡ԼнŲƽȣϢ˳üͷ˱Ǹ֣ɢɳȴֹɵϢأұز֪Ȼ 
ǱʲˣѰ¹ҵòἱæʩ񣬡ԭүС˲֪ҹˣʲŶðүˡ 
´òƽƽܳѣɢϢȴһְȵĸоҶ΢Цĸˣ 
Сǵʦ֡ 
ʦһȻڴ˵йһ֮ʱΪ١ԭʦỹδϢ 
үأЦĿһɨһֶصķ顣 
˲ǳҲ°룬Цɫ˶ѡ 
ү紫ԣǸˡ 
γǣԸΪһ 
΢ЦףүԸСԵӡ֪үʲӣ 
ʣȻ˵˼ 
ɫ΢΢һףȻЦСȥȡ 
֮ᣬȡһȻͬҹ٣ָŪᣬһ˼ίسޱȡ 
ó 
˼⣬ңΣ 
˼˼⣬ɡ 
⡣࣬ 
⣬ 



̸Ц䣬 
ɽٹǡ 
첻ˣ 
̽һ鳾 
һգҲӦϡү 
ҿ飬Ŷ㷣Ҳ֣˵ι˻ң 
ү᲻֪ 
ʣ˵òֻ䡮첻ˡδ̫ˡļͷʣǳֱʰɣ 
ֵһ£ҡ 
Ҷҡͷжˡ 
ֽң⡭ 
ҶЦ 
ԽԺǽĵԼԺԺƽնĵطԳӵ֮⣬ֻһŽ齣һżѵӶѡ˼򵥵İ裬־治ѡ 
̫ªˣ΢ЦǺ𣿡 
үǸֵˡȵӦҡ 
һǵ˼вԺġⷽʾʵǺɵΪ 
ɣʵֻΪ˱ϹһŮӣͷһƽ٣ɰɣοʶ˲壬޶ȣ棬ȴ񼲿ࡣԽ˴ʾʾһкηһǰ赭緢˵ 
֪ẦҺ̫ҲжΣеؿϣѡ 
ү 
㲻ǳˣеȰȰ飬Ҫ¡ 
ΪүǸʶֵˡ 
֣ҡ͡һЦ֪ʲ֣Ϊһ״ʣͿԸıһʱɵҪ֣ҲɵȥֻǼѣҺ¡Ǵˣ㡣Ȩ㣬ҪӦԣҲɵȥ 
үɱңɻҡ 
ңҹЦ˻ʰǣҺαز֣ǴˣȡᣬӦѾȻġ 
үּᶨңǲıԡ 
ҵͷɵǡ 
үǸֵˣʶ֮ȴү롣үǣ 
ҵ𣿡һЦ 
үΪ֡ 
Ϊѱ 
ѵı 
ЦòŵǴˣԼɣ 
鲻Ըĸ׾ǵսɳȴΪѵߵ֮佫𲻹죬Ҳ˵ 
˵Լ𣿡 
⣬ʱƿԡ 
ѣΪ룬ͲҪæ۾úÿһ죬ҪǱЧĵطǸطԲ̫Ӷ֮ϡ 



 
ҶһˣӺĴ֮⣬峿ıδɢӺԵãڴ˿ƺʧɫһƬããɫשˮԽȾ쳣һͱȴԸڵ⣬ϢȫӹҲ˺սӺӻʺ޹ƽǲ޽֪ΪʲôͻȻټ 
Щ͵ش˸ǷҴ˴˫֣ٶȴе壬ĸ밲ˡ 
òйŮӦ𣬡ԭ¼ݵڹأ 
ͷˡҳһЦȻòһӺ 
޹֮һ˿ϣʹѾϣҲβķ˴Լˣ 
壬ףĸഺڣ尲ҹʩȻλá 
ò㣬㵹Խˡǹæ̫ˡӻʺ΢΢һЦԸݲ衣 
ڳְĸô˵ɷˡ 
ôȻûڳְ㸸ǺͿˣ˾ܸɵĶӣôܲΪأ̫Ӻʹ۩ĲӰ˵ǹ·æѱԭæ 
λֵĲŸǶɱȣǣŽд½Ƕᣬ³ѿΰֻǲΪλֳǣΡ 
̫ǫˡҿСʹӱޱȣҲСˣǸΪˣȥϣ㰲һʵλ۩ǸӣֻЩçײʱʶúأӻʺһºЦݣһָϵĽе۪׵ϵ˿񣬱ƽؽڼˣͷ͸ȥѰɣ 
һʱӻʺͼǼŸԼб£ңЦлĸ󣬶֣̿ 
ʹ۩ҲòӦû֣ŬΪ͢Ч㸸ʺҲſϲһ֣˵ôû 
йŮǰػѾˣ˵ŻʶΡ 
۩𣿿ϲصͷֶҵֵƽ߶̫ˣԼֵܣӦ߶ǡ 
ûһ۩ͽ˴ǸʺͷȻֵܼ񣬳֡ 
ȷǺþûмܵˣԽĿʳˡ۩ҵһ꣬Ǻý 
ǴæأҲܼŵġ΢ЦţɫջԼ֡ 
ǰһ͸أ֪⼸æЩʲôҵ䵭ԴҲΪ⣬Цʵ 
̫ٵʷԸ˾ǣͷʹҪô׼˽Ŀأҽշ´һ˵ 
۩Ȼл߾ǰгĴӼڳĸӻʺԼ־ܸɣȷǴĲѡǳЩ̫֮λ͸֮֮£̫ӻų࣬ĺֻʧơ 
ֿʹˣܵܵ˾ǣʵЩСˡ 
ܵ˵أ˵øʲôְźã 
ĸܵϹҳ̸ͽ棬ȱñ֮ţܵܳڲţضܽõ 
ʹϹ΢΢һ㶣漴Ц̧̫ˡӲ볯еĴСһŲ֪Ҫ˵γʹ̸Σ³д󳼲ĸͻ˼Ҫ֮ʽҵǣĲԹȻֻǲ֪˴˿̶ԸʵӰжǸǵİţѩϼ˪ڲԶӡ 
̫ǫˡΪ㸸ʷǵĴܴ¾ôˣȹʮ壬㰲ˡ̾ĸ磬޿Ҳû֪֪ˡ ۩Ҫ汾úչʶ 
ǣĸּܲ۩æ¹ 
Ҳæлĸּ⣬ʼҷ緶Ȼʹ֮µÿʵľƶͼƻӦ֮ߣʹ֮£ѡ 
һСɽ֮ƣ 
ӺûκͣػԼȥ̫ӣôһΪɲòԭȵļƻ 
׺ʹ۩߾ҪôڣȷҪúһˡңȴŴ⾰£̨ͤ¥֮ϣһƬѣĿĽ̻Ի͡ 
⽭ɽеҰĵģ˭ҪĻϡڶǰ޽ɽ˭ҪһԸµĵҪȥޤ͡С 
ү˵Ҫȥʵĳ˺һӲʵ 
ˣ˵ޤ͡С 
Ҳ֪ƢԣײҶʾΪʲôֻýҪȥĿĵء 
ޤ͡СǾļԺ 
 
ʲ᣿ǷḻζľСԣµһ¥Ӱ¥ԺյĻʳǺڶ׹еĸڣһޤ͡СļԺһԺҪԶҲ£ѾܹʳǵԳһңʲޤ͡С͵ĹأʹǻʵҲֻͶѡҪάĵλҪԵʵͳԦڰġ 
ޤ͡Сܹ֮ӵʵΪһֽС֯һ֣֯׷ļ˰ѡͳԦϵۣصֻڽߡ͢ΪУȴض޴ָ֡ܶޤ͡СΪޤ͡СܿǡĳԱ֮һǿ֤ݣԹٸ͵ϵѶòֱ档ޤ͡С˾һ档 
ҵͣޤ͡СĴſڡ峿ĳδɢȥʱܵԺȷʵʱξȴͥ԰طЦ⡣ 
ȥšҷԸ 
үҪȥ̵Ļһα顣 
һ̧ü᣿뿹 
ңæǰȥţһæҡС˳Ӧţ˭ġ 
үݵǰȥͨ 
ҸڴſڣеؿԶ羰 
֪үݹ٣ūʧԶӭү¡ǻ嶣˵죬һòӭ˳ ʮͷͣòƷķ֡ 
λؾԶ˰ɣ΢΢һЦǰ߶ţʵʧ֮° 
ү̫ˡϡͼ٣˵߶ţү˵ɱūˣһʩһ潫ӭšүߣ 
ҷԸлظȻһ·ǰá 
үǵһޤ͡Сɣ֪ү֪ĹأЦ̽ҵĿڷ硣 
Ǿ;أǰݷáһĽŲţһЦ 
µĲһ٣үǻ˵ЦĹ񡢵䡢ȣ֪үҪź򣿡 
˵ޤ͡СλϵС٣һʱ䶯˾ǡҲýһķɡ 
ԭϣүǺˡϵĹղһ㻹ү¡һ˵һԸԤϵȵĲ㣬ϵӢ͡ 
Ӣ²ŵүūȥϴûС 
㡣 
ү紫ԣǸῡܹĿˣʵҡ˼䣬ȥ 
ĹңӢİǳ£ͨԺǰһζ׷ݣ˹ȻжƷλŲ˲ŽţҲƵ˽һ壿㣿Ҷţ 
СϣþòˡҳգֽŴϡң 
ǻڱõ¥ļ񣿡һƲ죬˵ 
ҵıӣСӵСұҵĲˡ 
˭֪үԣѸūų죿ϲͷ£ʦǸӣ飬Ҳ֪װľ˭ 
㣬ˣʦ۵˲㣿ҽᱧ𣬷Լϣƺˣûˣ᲻úѵСӲ㷹ԣ 
ĸɱǧģβ˵˼ҵĲˣһö֮شһŽ룬һһ߾ 
ˣңǲûģϾ۵С죬ĵҵĲǡ 
֪Ϊ˰үǹˣЩ¼˵ȷޤ͡Сĵ 
ҡҡͷ죬˶˵ˡ 
²˵үָϣ֪ʲô򷢵ˡ˵ɣʲԸЦ˼һҪȴѡ˵壬㻹ǻʹˡ 
ΪھǣŲðȻ档͵͵һ£˵Ҫ̸㷢Ҫȥˡ 
ᣡϰһۡ 
ǽݣƬ֮𣬻һѧ˵˵ 
ЦСض˵ԽԽϷˡ̨Ϸسһǣ 
ҲСЦϸȻˣ˵ѣʲ£ 
ҽȥ̵һ˵̫ºð죬ǽͽǱߵѰ졣ҳʹϹ¹ڶʱ䡣 
Ĵ̫ӵǻСһ䡣 
ɫһ٣Ĭòŵѡýǻ 
Ȼ̫塣Ƶص˵ͷʹϹҲδؾǻ¡һߣǾֵҰ¡ֺγˣ 
ܹ֮ƣȱλ˴Цļ硣 
һۣд㣬ֺα 
֮䣬ͨϬֺαؽ⣿Цס֣ȫȨˡ̫ӣ̫ӵİȫҪʱʱϡ 
ģ֪ġԼϹĹǸҰܲٵˣ˷̸ףʵڲġ 
һߡԽŻ׵㡣 
ԳһǧЦķϷһӹĻӣܿϳɫĹߣҲࡣϵļǮɲŶ¶˽թıģЦ 
ҴЦǮ̫Сҵˡ㲻һܹմȥϣҪߣﶼˡʱһүС˽ǣǲ֣ 
ⷣǲΩ²ңһۡ 
ͲӿҲǰøѡģһ뵱ĵүӻԹԷϣֵڼǮɣ 
һټֲ֪գǧҪСİ˴·Щʡ 
῿ͷȻļɿǸǿɿˣŮ鳤 
һǵ㣿͢һɱ֮ǣȴ̫˳˷ݺĳ̫飬󰡣 
Цˣ治֪Ϊʲᣬײ̡Ҳڵʱɱʲ±çĶǡ 
ΪĵˣʲҲǡ 
ģףҪ㱣ףȷΪˣ˿ֻ㣬ǧҪʧ 
ģҵ£ļûа쵽 
˾ͺãҵ˵ͷȥɣҵúҵС϶úˡ 
ɲҪ̫޶ȰЦ٩ȻٶȴӰʧ 



ڰ 
ߵݣһݶϷҲЦ§뻳Сϣŵ⻹ûҡЩӲûң 
ûأԼָ㲻ɣϽҵһƣŭԹš 
Ǹ׹ͷЦţ߽ǰµļƻ 
һۣĿй⻪תˡ˭˵Ҷˣ 
ѵСϲԸЦգʦܣˣɣ 
󣬷¶ЦݣҾϲ˼£ʦɵ˲ɣСȥðգʹ⣬˷棬ٲֿˡ 
ãݵסӣ϶Ȼ֪ġ 
ֻ֪ʦ磬ɲ˽Ϊү塣ػӦңȻ̾һ 
ҽ뻳УҪ㲻Ҫ˽Ϊү壬ֻҪ֪ʦҾͺá͢ĿңϣϿġ 
ʦ仰ͺãĿ⾧Өң϶Ըң壡 
ɫסĴҪ˵ԡ֪ͺã 
壡ҵ֣϶˿̶໽͵ðұ㲻ܻˡ 
ɵϣ㰮ôôǰʦɡүƽؾͳ軵ߵūţˡһɣҰ㻽֣֡˻ǲأ 
壬壡һ㰮ұʱ㡣 
ĺҶݵؽһĴһߡСĵؽڽ֮ϣǾӵǵƳ˴˵ɼ˵ɫ¶ڿУϢɵش˸ս̸Լ壬ñ˴˵ӵ峿ʱֵĺ⡣ҵ촽ļָ߮ػС̽ɫ١ҵĻﴭϢĻĵĿʼһضҵϡһҰרעĿ⣬ҾԼǱҪġ 
壬ſ˫ȣӭҽһ̽ҵָڣԼҲ֪˲䣬ҧסԼ´ϧظԼ촽֮˴˵һͬһɶϵ򶥷塣 
òϣҰ壬ҲϧǰĿֻרעһ˵ꡣ촽ɨüۣͣפĴ֮䣬ڵȶҵ϶ҵС϶ 
壡ϲϸϸĺˮδЪüġ 
ҶٴͷЦһͦһ󼱴 
ᣡʦûͨ˵ 
ҲΪңҧĶߴ˿ 
Ŀ¶ڵЦݡžһһŤҴ˺üڴ˿ҵĿⶨ纣дҲĵؽѹ¡Ҳȴɬʱڶ 
һ֮˶һõӹģϰ죬ɵɵ˵ҲŷʦƯ 
Ұһۣǰҳ࿡ 
һŬҡҡͷǰҲʦ糤ĺãǽϸˣžʦȫͬġһ֡˵ķϡҲ֪Ҫô˵Ǿʦյʦǲͬġ 
ʲô֪𣿡һؿȻһĴʩ 
ᣬͻ׽Ūˡ΢죬ƯĴǽޱȡ 
̲ס촽죬ҿɾҪһ 
ʱߵýͷһʦ滵 
ҽرһ£ȻҸȥֺúһ¼ǮˡȥúϴһһҾʹȥ 
ãɺĬĬ¡ 
͵˼أֱĴǵֺ׷ŰݡؿԼĽҴЦųӢ 
Ȼ̸ף±ϣһ´󼪡ЦŽӳϣϳʱһͷһۣҲҡƬ̵񽻻֮Ҵﳤȥ 
գᴫү۱˹Ĵ˰ɣ죬̫ٵſڼͷ۵ڳϾ˯ŵϣЦݲԾڴߡ 
ұ˳һūŶþĿעǽҵլǴδôһͯʶˣ԰ֵôЩŷҵƢԡ 
ǣܹ̫࣬ԸǱɽϣӽҪһضӣĻҲҵĻ棬Բѷ϶ӿңǵ£ʱɱֱûǡ 
ɲʱһܹ̫ϵı鼸廨ݣòŻָЩ̬ȣһߵ˸ͷūǸĹ̫Ե壬밲 
ϱͱźˣͷҲ̧˵ɣԺܹ֮鷳ˡ 
߯ˡʲôźȫģֻܷԸ 
̧ɨһۣԻԸܹܷġ 
ָСƣƶ 
СƴͷǰҲҪ¹ȴһѷ𣬡ƶαˣҪ߶ദǡ 
վ´Сһ壬Сƣ 
΢Цͷ 
϶ʱЦˣֲϲȻǸɫСƸ磬϶㣬㲻ɣ 
Сƾһҡӣūôҵ 
ūţһ㶣ʱЦòһˣ壬źҡ 
ҪһЦðƶӴ͵κȥźϰɣ 
СĬĬؿһۣ׵ӷԸ 
һ΢ЦһСֹԭǶūŵĳ谮 
СһۣСͰ֪ʲô⣿㣬ɱ۸ūţȴҲϲˡ 
һƲ죬֪᲻áǷ㣿ΪҲ֪⣿ 
϶ѧÿ찡ҽһ§Ҿ֪ˡ 
ĬĬ̾˿˷治֪﾿װ˭ 
9 
ھ 
ҵ﾿װ˭΢£üͷòǳЦҲˣźЪϢ 
壿ȻӦұɫ֮죬Ϊеػҵ֡ 
ĶͷСߵԶСʦܡ 
㶣òЦˣȴԵ꣬Сʦܰ 
֪˼ȴܻӦǽһ§϶úϢȥɣ 
ٶ̧ͷʱһȻ΢Ц壬϶㣬ȥɣ 
Ƭ̣СƷȥ 
ʱԵ巽ŸǰӣǵѾüˣ̫ٵ֪Ҫţ 
ȥͥԺơͷŲɿǶԺȥ 
ͥԺһƬϸ衣ҵˣæֹͣϰ׷¹һ֣ʾǼѰ֣ЦȻרΪٵʦ 
ֺ鶼ͣ¹һѷˣˣڱؽЩסֻŵĿ̫ٵɲܳ©Ӱ 
ԱߡһүΪ˼ָѾͬҽү˼ 
˼أҵһЦɨһۣһ죬ҡҡͷ 
ⲻġ 
ãֽкãˣ͵˼ 
Ҵһ鵹һ㶣үǵ棿ǻĴǰ̣ 
ЦһĴǰҪһϷӵǣ飬ȻֻǸçΪһ֧Ӿܾ²Ҳ̫͢ˡ 
ּæ֣үϢŭһ嶯ð֮үˡ 
һ֣Цûеﱾ 
үһ㶣ȻҲ²͸ҵ˼ 
׵˼ġյ֮ϣҾ֧ӡϣ˲Ҫбʧǡ 
үҲˡ 
Ƕˣòͷأ㣬ʲǷǣҲض㲻ʧЦĲãľͷᣬȥ 
ְ֣ͲҪǣ⹬͢ǣ˽Ҳز顣Ǹʶƫֱ˽˿ܱҲδֻܱǶѣҾϧҴ˷˵нڣԻᶮҵ˼㲻ҲáЩҷͷԲ˵ 
ͥԺҷԸ˱ȥ 
˿һѡ֮У˿䡣׼ڵӵĶˡƫƫͥȴһûҡϧҵģ΢΢Ц˵ף𣿡 
㩤ָң˵һ仰 
ҽ˵ֲ𣿡 
Ҳ¡´棬ǰƢȥһ룬ֻǳǿѡ 
£һ֣ۡӡһǡ 
յ£߷ߵسԼ֣˭Ҫٴȱ㲻Ǹڻʮˣȥ 
Ѿ֪ˣǵϢǴÿ졣ƽϡ 
㣿һϽͣ㰲ʲģ 
̫ӲҲؽ˲ͯ΢Ц 
ǡһʱòŵΪ㲻ҡİΪ˴İ 
ͯĿĺ㲻һҺЦؿ͵ӡҴδͯ飬ȻˡٲýأЩҲˣҲǸ 
һҶǲδ鰡أ㶼ǳ赽ȥˡһ޷޲ƽģ 
һ£һ¡ѵֲ𣿡ҵһ仰ʱƿԡΪҳԴףʵܸˡֻ㲻ö⹬͢Ŀڶ࣬ٲñȥʱҲĴԣʵ̫òʧ 
壬ģΪʲ侲˵ⷬΪ㣬ˡȴֻЩеûġһѽ§ĥ૵﾿ûңҶɻˡ 
ͷ촽ģеġҰ㰡ҲΪЩͯԴףҲȾ˵ζҲܹһء 
塭ĻҶڴߡҽغӵǣͼеİȫй 
Ұ㣬һֱľ㡣Ҳͣػ֣˵еİ⡣ 
ģ𣿡׵Ŀˣ֣ΪΪ㲻˰ҿ𣿡 
Ұ㡣ĿⶨؿȻᾶԼϵѡԼȫ¶ڰǰ΢΢졣һֱľ㣬ԲԸⱻ㱧ףҰɣҹһ˵ġ뵽ģΨһܹ 
㩤Ĳˣ׵Ŀʼնͣϣڶ˫յ÷졣 
ҹԸΪ¡ҿĻĥҹһҹ˰ɣԣԸ١ 
͵סҵ촽̽ǻУˡҶݵس˶ƣ·ҪȫӡԺƵظĦļ 
ҵĽϢҡ 
ңףҪ㡣ĥĽ롣 
ءϽɽԼڵ˲䣬ƲסҿӵҷģԼЩ졣ǽȥѾҴԵĿˡ׵ÿһͦӵ˺ѵʹȫûҪҪˮܿƵҲޣȴҲֹסˮĿ񱼡 
壬塭ҵ֡ǺȫһĸоĺԽѡ 
һеһжңҰǰˡʹҵֳʹǵ̫ӣʹҶȡɽ谭һǰԣͽҹֻнҹҷٰɣ 
ÿһͦӲ𣬸ҴͷβվĸоͬʱҲﵽ˵߷塣 
֪˼θ߳ȫѰĻ׽СرʶǽԡءůˮȫŵļҽҵˣҴϢ׵ķָҲȫĺۼĵĨȥ§סĲӣǡ 
壿æ 
ˣӹ΢Цϲ 
᣿æұ𣬡ֻܲס컹Ҫæһأ 
ϧˣҲҪҹֻúҪ㡣Ҳĥ䡣ٴ̧ͷӵƾͽҡһϵطԼ塣ԼȼĻ֣ȻҪеĽҲڡ 



ʹĽҰĦȫҿһ㡣üޱȡһǷˣ֪һѰİỹԼ٣ǣһҹļ飬ұ㴽ߺЦ㰡Ұ˻һۣ㣬һʹ 
׽ȻǳãȻҵ壬ȴһ־ģ˭ҹˣ֪ҾСĹ 
ƿԣҹûɻջһţЦˣǳ˲ӣҪҵ 
˭ǵүһһ޳ɸģ 
а̾ɽ㣬֪һ⾰ 



ʮ 
޶µȴѰҵķԸһͽ׼˶յϡԼϷһͽ˶ϴϣԵһõ÷ǳЦ⣬̲ס޵Ȼܵܵ˼ŶȤ 
֮ãա䣬ŵƽٲˣעųΪǣùƣȴǵΪ̫٣ѡĸɫƣõַǳϷ̨ԤˣֻǷԸʡȥһڷգ׺ϴﳣһϷ̨ޣض 
֪һ׵Ŀʼϡ 
˽һѣ컯գϸƼҪǷǡ 
ƾضɣǷǿ㬵رͷǰֵĳЦˣų֪ˡ 
ѡһк壬ѡһһһң٣һ䳣ķ磬ѡЩȤĶʺڻֵ棬Ҳ̫һֱ֡ˣʱڸǰָá 
ʲôã˾һ£һǳ֣ƲԻȥָõġҡҡͷͯƵȥЩơ 
֪ڸʺһڻǰΪ̫ӣ˱֣ⲻ˱ڱܵ̾һҽĿϷ̨ԼţҪȥ̨ơ 
˾ǣָߵģȥ˰ɣƵ𣬳Ұ˰ֱˡ 
οЦʹޱȣȻ΢һƼĶת˲͸˸⡣Ѿٲһ˴Ӻסҵӡһͷϣ֮ʱȴЦ֪һҹδ飬ûɺ¡ԭˣҺøˡ 
֮⣬Ҳһ졣϶ô˹ 
ҿӣӵūвӵĵһƤЦһ˫Ŀͣϣӵãƽѹեǣȴѹեȥˡ 
ȥҪƶ졣ҵһۣ֪ȻµˣҲѽ͡æúܣ㵹ɣҰɣ 
ǣӡƳǱߵĻһ£ߵʲôãƫƭȥġôæҲ֪ϧЩ 
㻹˵ŭصһۡ 
һͷתЦǾҪˣһ˹ȥ 
϶֪ﲻͷһ㣬òãҰһͷҪɱٴ򷭴׹ˡ 
ǡʦ϶ҲӣСĵطңƬ̺üͷôôأҩ 
Сڣв˶ӣϸȥСš 
ǣ϶ס 
ֻ̨ϷԤҵˣæ¹ 
ʲôϷ 
һߵ̫ͷһȻǡɹһۡ 
ҵ˵ͷһȷõ˵ȥ 
ڶǡϲ 
ڶ۾ɢһü 
µ̹һأ£̨ϵһԲŶһ 
ԭˣɣҳƬ̣ͷԭҲ²ӹóġ˭ 
үСĿǰˡ 
Ҿ˵أƾش󵨡Цȥأ 
ǡ㡷 
㡷ǸĲõ˵ȥ 
ǡɽ򡷡 
ɽ򡷣ĸ˵ģ 
Ǽ 
ҵͷҲ˴š 
ҵͷֱ 
һ·˼°Цôˣ 
ҪϵģһأͻȻӿڡ 
ҵͷá͵ǳˡ϶Ҳˣ߰ɣ 
һƬ¡Ϸ̨еζ 
겻ϵĴߴ٣˸ƧӣϢȻҩһҩһƵüôô 
ҿЦܲ˵Լİɣһѽסƽϧǡ 
ܲ˵ûһۣӿɵðЩˣԺ 
Ժ󰡣üûİӿɹˡ 
һסϵĶʦ硣 
꣬ЩһỹúӦء 
˵ͷҰĦ 
ƫλѾˡҼæһȥӭ͡ 
ӹ;ɡҼæǰǼ񣬡硢ʮܡλú硣 
أһǺ٣ԭΪģ벻ߵ͵ˡһЦֱߵϣսҶ˵ߵܺ۹⣬ʹ˸ӣչȻˡǸûɫ 
ϣλ¼񡣡һϵ䣬Цӹ£λǾ¡ 
ϼλүϴ󷽷ظ 
ʮܲŸʮˣѲ֮һҵг裬϶ʱˡضˡ 
ʮϲ߸׵ĸȥЦļ硣 
ûĽ̻ԼֵܡһתһװǣһʮС޶ 
ҼæЦɩһɺã 
лġһаߵΪ˽յ磬ȷʵ˲˼Ҫ˵Ҳƻأ̫ϵ̫ĺҵ顪ĺ١ 
ղɩԽˡӹȻƨ 
¹ˡƽֻ㣬ٹǷǣԲŲ̫ϰɣĺپԲСļҪ̫֮λ̸ף 
ЦԽãȴҽӿڡ˽ҶٶЩΣƽΪ 
ߵЩˡЩͽ飬˴ͰɣСҲѾղףȥɣС֣º͵Ц 
ǣǣ֣ȥס 
ǻΨһãղ񳤵Խˡҿãŵʲô飿 
ӡأ 
Ѿôˣһ˴㣬һҪŬ飬Ϊ츣 
ǡңһֹӡ 
ʲôֻܶ˵ 
ĸ˵Ҫ£ףʲô£ 
һ㶣æס⻰ɲٶĸϣú飬õˡ֣׿˵ˡСɱ֮ 
ףԺٲ˵ˡ 
ҵͷ΢ЦС˵ȥĸԸ嶨ɡģ䡣 
ǣˡСȴҪĻһ䶼١ͷ˵ѾʮˣѾˣҪɾʹ£ԸҪú飬úТ˳ĸ𣿡 
ס 
ҽߣԼӣҲǸˣĴ档һһСòֺԼλϣһ˶ˣ㲻ҪܣߡӹǸɫ֮ͽŴ⣬Ҫʧ˾ġ 
ʦ絣϶Ҳ϶ǴʲôطģЩӦ֮϶סң϶һѵǰÿģ 
һЦҰײˡ 
ʦģ϶סϲͷüĿȻҡ϶Уֻһ塣 
չȻַǷһҲ½Щ̫ӵģҲ索۩ģЩԼҲҰġұȫ޼䣬ȴ˶ɱ֮࣬Ҳ˴̽Էĵϸ 
Թ緹˱ϼݵ 
һʱУꡣ 
վıӻʺͽ۩ҺһڻٶȺǼ񣬱˴˺˼䡣ھ϶֮ʽʼ 
ʽǡ˾̫ϵگ顣̫Ӹϻʺߵ׼񣬸ʺӻʺ󶼴ȻǸ׹̫Ӱ١׳ۡȫ֮Ϸ̨ϱ㿪ϷҲŮںŹӣЦбһƷ㣬ϷģҲнġϷ̨ʲôˡ 
̫֮λϣϸؿŸʵɫǱװЦ÷ǳġӻʺ˵ЩʲôЦòãңҪͷ 
ʽĿҡ 
ǡҼæߵʽǰ 
ʺ˵յһֲٰģ 
ظʣǶĵӡ 
ȻЩ˵ͷĻƣϷ̨ϵ׺һڲͬʲô壿 
ûʼ̫߸ϣ֮ȴ⣬Զķ硣ҽǰõĻһһˡȻ¶ϲõɫ 
ãʶȻġʺ۹ߣ 







ʮһ 
ôԣ֪ӻʺʹ۩ضڸǰʹ£а̾۩ֵٶȻ죬һ棬Ѿ˾֣͵ž˵ˡˣҲ罫ƾͼƣ˳ˮۣǱǡǳӻʺʩ񣬡ĸˣɸʵڼҲжֶ̨֧֣ϵϷ࣬ǶһġԭİӲأƺ 
ŶԭϷģȻЩСĳȷмֻ򣬰Ҳ⳪ĳʺһЦݵ̨ 
ϸһأӦǼġɽأ̫ö࣬Щ̫ʱڿѵʶѡ˼ɢ׹ͣøĸһֵܽأ 
Ȼ˼ʶѡ⼸ĺ⣡ͷЦ档 
ʣѺβǳȽرϷΪţҲ˵ǶΪ˼䲻֮һǫΪȥҪ̵档 
ҲǸ˰ϵͷ޿ҪŻعˡ 
ЦŸˣصλʱЦ档 
ϼãҲǸˣʵǵʲôòͷ 
ҶЦòãưɣк¡ 
һʱϯ˸߳ٱ˾׼µǰʮ̳ƣʣ޼һԸµ̫ȥƿ¾ƣһ۲̨ϵΡ 
Ȼֻһϯ£Ҳжȥױݣظ˱ɫò촽ȴһһ˵һǽҹ׸ϵģԸ꣬꣬꣡ 
һʱ˶ͣĶϾ׸ϵӣɲֻһ˼ָ 
˼⣬ңΣ 
˼˼⣬ɡ 
⡣࣬ 
⣬ 
̸Ц䣬 
ɽٹǡ 
첻ˣ 
̽һ鳾 
һ꣬˽㶡һʱһ˿죬òøһ̾ϢеľƱ˳̾Ϣ䣬ÿͷĺȻ졣һȻæڵأϢŭǶʧְ˸ʵˣ븸 
ʺҲһȣô˵æұ⣺ôܹʶ 
ûɨһۣ֪߲Тģ᲻֪ 
ʣǶ첻Ŀǲѷģ븸˼ 
ɹţһԾ̡ 
ϴվԽҷ˵յ飬͵ΪֹպͼԽ֮޺ͻǵĹϵնģҶ˵ʶʶ壬áĿⶨؿ̨ˣ˵ˣ̫ɢȴ治ʵڿɶˣȥȱУ 
һ¡ֻΪһģ 
ӹʱ˸ǰ󸸻ˡǰɣ̫ɱˣ·˼ɻ䡣븸ʸ⿪ 
аЦæҲ¹˵ǡ̫˷ɱɣ븸˼ 
ǣһƬ 
ɨһۣŭ˵ģ 
ʱȴ˵˻ʣ븸ʿ棬Ӻ䡣Ǹ˷ϣָʹ븸ʽǽˮʯзҲ١ 
һΪ̻ˣϵɫæ̫˵üǡԸΪʷǣ˵Ļʹ 
һۣͷã¡ѡ̫Ӷѡҵɺֵܽǣֻ֪ܽˣҲ֤Ѿǳˡҽּ⣬˽ռ࣬ʡ 
һ׮ͷ˽ᣬҳһ˻δ˵⣬گ 
ڸʼղһԵĴ۩վ˳ּ 
Ҽæװ¹򣬡ּ꣬꣬꣡ 
گԻ壬Сؽʥ͡ʢ˽ܣ飬һͳɽϹŷ߾ͼı졣Ϊʢʥʾ򣬳ʹϣ 
ûнȥĹٳȥֻǺ֪Լʹʥ̬ʱʹϹȥ̸Ҫȥн򾫱ܳʲô£Ǻǡ۩һʯ֮ƣߵּ 
ʶôز𣿡ʵǳ֮ͣıأضʤ 
֣̿ 
ʶڵʲô 
ǱµۿܣŸɷǷͳԦһİȻµ۳δȣȷҳ֮˵ĴʱȻé®Сδھнѫ˷ʹԷڣķ븸ʳһͳԦӡ 
ҵһСøƵƵͷȻǻʺ󱣼ţһȷãޱ㽫ıڻʶն࣬͡ 
ҽӹϲлʣ 
ʱӵʥʱͬ 
ϲʵˣʥ۩Ҳʱ˵ 
лֱҲЦŻص 
̫ӵ磬׮³½ĳҹɫһʱ˷׷׸ǡ 
ƺȴһվɫ¡ 
ôˣ 
֪ԼҪʹϹ 
õǿ϶䣬ʾ䡣֪ж˼ǵͷûһ֪ġ 
ѹ֡һ 
ѹʲô 
ѹҹôᣬѹȥҶƼˣܵýΪֲȥߵġ 
Ҫô룬Ҳûҵ˵ͷ뷴 
Ϊʲôƴǣǰһ󲽣ҡ 
ûа취ƴǡ̾˿װף֪ڶʱ˼ұѾ˶ıƣ 
ûа취㲻ǺܴΪʲôôؼʱûа취ˣڳ 
ҾȵؿǲԴ׶ŭǷ·𿴴ĳı䳰ȷȻЦңҿЦѣҲ㣬һ̫ӣ˶Χתһţ͢ҲҲǸ޿Ļӣֻķݡ 
㡭ҵĻµԣ˵Ҳ 
ЦʵΪʲôʹϹôһҲ֪飿ΪʲôּĲ̫Ӷǽѹ֮꣬Ϊʲôǰ״⳯͢˭ڵֲ𣿡 
ҡƿԡ 
ҡҡͷ˵Һۣ㳳ܡϣһظ  
壡һסҵ֣ˣ 
ûֻϣܹһ³͢Ĵ¡ҲڵӣԼ̾һָΪӣҲˡգ͵Ǹɣ 
ʲôΪʲôҪӣΪʲô㲻ҷ̬Ȳã㲻ҪգԭһҪ߾ͼˣ˵Щű߼ʵĻҵ½ͬСӰġ 
ذ⿪֣ЦûҪǵã˵ĻҪúչԼȥɩʣɩİ㡣 
ҲҪҲҪȥֻ뿴㡣 
㻹Ҫˣһߣʱվ̡Ҿ֮£һҪͦסҪ˿ӣ׽Ĳǡ 
Ƿ֣ͥԶԶؿҺһȥ 
̾˿ܿ 
ҵһۣǰ˭ݵģ񵹿ˣ 
˵ġ 
⻰ô˵ 
Ϸ·˲ɳˣ¶˳˲Żеĳ侲ֻ˵ǸΪģֻϧ˵طʹˣǲаġ 
˲۾˵Ȼ˵ûҷá 
ֽŵ㣬Ϊʹģ㣬ʵǰˡ 
ҳĬãʵأΪʲôģ 
ңشΪġˣΪġ 
ûдֻǽĿԶԶɫˣǸҹ 



ʮ 
һ磬ӹݵʱϻϢˣҲϴֻǷԸӹ£ţȥ 
Ƭ֮ػӹ²ߣڴأ 
ˣһһûأȥʱϴƵڷкţŻεԶԶؾ˵ĻˡʲôʥֵںôֱֵЦȴһɫȥЦһ° 
ˣӲӵֹǹҡ 
ңɲٺͶִ򽻵ˡԼλһԸ裬Լһڣַ˵ʱˣôظ 
壬ˣǲǣŭУҵףôˡ 
㻹ףЦһô£ɱأҶӣ 
⻰ô˵֪ǻһһ㶣׹ôºæ͡ 
㲻֪ģҵͲģ˭ĵûģ˭ӹүͷεģ£ƸһɶСǲǣǵˣݺݵȥ 
ӣֻȥЦҵĺߵܣָ췢ģûдǻġǶ߯󵨣ҲǱסˣʧ˲ 
¿ɴˡ֪Ϊڸǰָã˵Ϸѡģ¨ӣ˵ճ 
ʲôʱͬյư˺üȦȫʧţǺãߵܣ֪ûǸģǸңǿ֮ˡ 
ʿϽ齻ҴС»ˡǽ̫ӣ齫͵ģҲ˵ˡãԶ黹鿪ѰɣҶһڣֵջˮʼձȥ˻ǡˣұ㽫˸㣬ɣ 
֣ʵΥһˡٲһ˵ˡֻҪηǡ 
Ҫ䣿Ͷˣ̫ţʱʩأල 
ŵˣô˶͸ȱˣҲǲ¡ 
ôŷ˵Ҳ̣һüЦ˵ 
ôܣ׾ὲºţձزĴ£ˣҾģҶֱЦ 
˺ˡԼֵܣαˣֹЦùƵ۾ƵֱɵЦһѣû˼ĸ硣ռЩӣҪˣҸǣαصһ֧ 
ҹȥ˻ǣ׽סҵʵ֪ߵܻˡ 
ȥƼã˦֣Ӷ񣬿ȴˮҹֵܺú֣ 
ģߵܿɲڲƭңЦһɫģ 
ҼڲƭˣţҲգüװһѣ˿ȥ 
ǣұͷҲ£뿪ȥ 
϶ڰҵһһжָܳ㹴ȥһǰãαԼӣ 
ãЦ浱ããôᰲǰϷӽҵĸ϶סʹûһõӹšͱɵһɶˣү 
˵̽ 
Ǹˣ֪Լûλ̽ı߿أ㵱һûУϿأ˵ܣɽ¶ˮƣ˭ֲ˱ˡһۡҵú;˾˵˵Ҷ׼Щ齲ǡ 
㻹Ҫǲ֪ģǸֺв֪Ǻķүأ 
ҶӪɲҪƻˡҺǺһЦ⺢Խˣǲ 
ĸҰʦ򶫣Ҳ˵ˣⱲӾͱħռȥˣݲˡ 
⼸ôûƼСƣ 
ôˣҽҵԺֻأˣسյ͵͵ˣҪСأ˵ȷ黹졣Ҳʶˣеأ 
ƶϳһˣҺЦϴ͵ǣ˵ҲǺӣ˵ˣôҲң 
أҲ֪ȻػӦңƤЦ 
ҹƶӹһˣٲҪЦЦ˵ 
Ƿݴأ϶ףһ̵ÿ 
ôֶҩ᲻֪˼ԼԣñãҲǸûûεġ 
Ϊãűȥˣ񲻸ʹࣿ 
ҿЦ˵ҺܺƵء 
ƶܸߣ⼸ദѾ֪ˡûʧ˱ġ 
ҲϧأɣӹǱߣٲҪСƸġŸߣҲ֪Ķ򡣡 
⻰ȥ˵ɣЪЪӻҪԸӲأ뽫ˣµ÷ѵ㹦򡣡 
ҵͷȥɣ 
ϢκҷԸ˰ｫǶ˴ǰ 
һؿңֵЩöԲסңʩָ鷳ˡ 
ָ磬ͷʲôЩУǺö 
վߵǰ΢Цž֣ظһ⡣˵㣬ҪΪԼ˲һĶѣûʸҡ 
Ҵ˸ֲ˺һŭҪ˭˭үûųȥ 
޲ɼһһƣԼҪô˶ϣҪˣ 
ҡ 
ʲôΪʲôͶҪȰɣ޴ΪֻẦ˺㲻Ȱ棬ӲҪüʯͷôͲȥҴԽԽ𾢡 



ʮ 
һԵϿɼܲסˣæȰү£Ѿ֪ˣͱٴ˰ɣ 
ɨһۣЦˣһζ룬Ϊû˼򱧲ƽ㵹ģ 
һ˵ƿԡãҲһ˵ҪȱСҪҰ˿˶ȱУ̫ѪỴ̄ҲжһǷź˰ɣҽ׼µİСƵǰǹӵĶƣܱɫʧΪˣµľͿԼˡ 
ֻּһƣȻɻ۲ͣҡ鵹ãһ˾Ʊָ磬֪⡣˵ҲԣһˡҪǶһ˺Ⱦ 
ּæ£ʣµһҲȥָһȥôȪ·飬ͬգԸͬޡ԰ձס飬ӵǡ 
һüĿ飬һԿȥ̲סЦ 
ŭĿӣȵЦʲô 
Цøֹòŵ˻ǿɰŻ飬߯𣿻ñȼ֣֮Ҫôлý˰ 
ʲô黹һ⡣ֶү˵ 
֡˶Ŀҳ٣̫磬⡣ڽʱȱ֮⣬˾֪Ӵ֮ûˡףһɫ˵ 
ʲôʲôˣ黹ڹһ⡣ 
Ȼ¹򣬡лү֮үɱˡ 
ôܣǷŵĶơָǱƣЩˣѵǲǶƣ 
ҺǺһЦǣ˷˱ 
һȻЦݣүƭǺÿࡣ 
ȴ㱧˹飬Ҫлң֣ڣΪáˣ񲻿ϧֻᣬһȣ˶ֵǣơ 
ȻһҾأԵԸΪүЧǡ 
ҵͷЦðվ˵һǣûа׾ȡ 
һ¹񣬵 үĶ䣬ָмֺ˵ƾүԸ 
Ҷ㲻ʶ壬ұԸ㡣ֻ־ȥܻ죬ʵĹͣӰɡ 
΢ĬȻͷ 
Ҵãü̫ҡǷǣһ˸ıòȻ޲ڣҲ㡣ӽٲӵܣҲٷκӡԸ⣿ 
̧ͷĵʵΪʲôҪôָȷвŻѾүˣαðվ 
еˣվ˼Ƭ̺Եɽ 
֣һʵүҪϣ 
ЦҡҡͷˡҲҪֻʢĻʵۣҪ½ɽ 
˼ҵĺ׳㶣Ų㡪Ҫɽ 
ҵ˵ͷû 
Ҫɽʲô 
ұĽ͸ҲһԻ󣬲˵ĳ͢޶ȣ̰Ūı״Ҫһͳɽ 
ҲͳһĹֻҪ㵱ʢĻϣĸĸϰյӾͻùüͷ 
Ȼ֣ҵһЦ˵ɽͳʼսң˵Ļֻһظϸһ룬ΧĹǹǿʢʱӱսҵķҳҵҰģҲôҪٰ׹̵棬Ҿıԡ֣Ըһ޽ɽ 
Ҳվֻǰһõүǲ̫߿ˣ 
Ц㲻ҵ۹⣬ǲԼҼԥ˵Ժú룬ԼΪʲô 
Ȼ򣬼æҸǰ¹Ը߾ΪΪ²ΪүЧ 
ҵ˵ͷҵ˼ˡᰴĶͷЦҪǻۣǲҪҺǲ֡ҲʺˣԸȥߵɽϢ 
үݵ̧ͷҡ 
ҽյĻθСˣҪ£Ҳˡ֪񣬵ʱ㽫ʧȥľͲֹһˡвؿ飬֪ΪΣҶǰϲĿ⣬ʼҾôĿ 
ס֪үкָʾ 
ҽһŽϣһԸǱװŴȥޤ͡Сһˡ֪Ҫôǡ 
ǣү漴¡ 
ߺ̧ͷ죬ĵҵϣů΢¶̾һһѾٺֵ˻ϣСô 
Ӧˡ 
Ӧ˰ҵ˵ͷʱ򲻵ò 
ؿһ˵ң˵Լ 
ҿЦС 
ǵģôôʵˣЦŵ٩ 
ƽﶼʵԭͷô󰡣 
ƽսԼĲص̫á˵ĻǲǾˣ 
㶼ˣ 
ңСҲˡ 
ǵģô⸮Ҳǽж 
ΪҲ֪ʲôˣĹ᲻֪ǾͶں棿Ҫǣ𣿺ЩҲ˵ģ 
ҵͷ΢Ц϶Ȼ˽ҡ 




ʮ 
ͥԺɣɫޱߣ԰ٿ˻ɴС֯һɫĽУڴշ·ɡڻһ齣¸ɫ㣬һʹһƫܲ£Ŵ˵͵һУй̫ĺӢɴ 
ε̾˿˵˵Ϊʲô£ҵϵף 
߽аɣԼϵ½󣬷һĥϵ½౻ҳһ롣 
Цٶȳ·ʲôôű𶯡 
ĺӢɿĺѵõ˲ţةĺԨߵĵδı棬ȴʹ¼ض⡣ҵҪ˵еǽĺӢǸ 
ǸӢͦε꣬٣üĿ͸һгӢһײɫŽӥӣͻԵԽࡣȻһԱͽͶﶼ͸ϸľɡҵʱüԾ£ȻǶĽӴҾ·йо࣬һ˿ֻĺӢɣμʥ£ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧǧ꣡ 
̾Ϣֻ˵˹ʽƽûȤζֱΪǰ֮Ǹ۵ļһԽˣԽжŪȤЦǰ𣬡ĺô˶ᣬ¡Ժ󻹵̴˳ıأ 
Թˡüͷøˣ¹һڱŵǰΣȴ»ڴ˴С 
ҵģ΢΢һ㶣վҪΣ˭涨ģĺӢ治֪ͨ˵Ӳôڹٳϻ찡ΣȻûҷȷʵҸ˵ӡۣͨӷǺǡȻԼӪģĺӢҲ̫ˡϵǫҪˣҸɴװסת˲ö塣ףû֪ͨҪΰ 
£⻹Ҫ֪ͨ𣿻µʥּյȻҪȥġһмı顣 
𣿡ҼװźͿǸĺǰ 
ҵʥƼݱ̸ʹϹ֮ˡ 
ĺӢɣһɫ㻹濪ȾˣпЦãΪ˾ӲأΪҲŸýļӣȻˣͺĺһͬǰɣ϶ 
·Ѿˡһ׽ЦݣһҴûս 
΢΢һ㶣ʲô 
ս°ЦŽ·ʥϽ״͵أ 
ҿһʾϵӻɫս£Ľԣҫ۵úܡһüͷҲѿˡ 
һĺӢɵ鼸ûеɳԶ£սۣʵǴ󲻾 
ѿĶѿѵƫҪ˵ɺÿɣϴ󲻸ˣֻЦ̲ס׽һҧ㻹Ц˭óģ 
һ죬ε˵أ 
Ұй۲ĺӢɵķӦɫһһױ仯ɷȤڰЦü˵ʲô˭֪϶ˣҲܺú㣬ҵţȥȥ 
ҲһӭܵģӦģʲôȥ˰ɣ 
˿̵ĺӢѾøƵģһӲӲ֪ӡ 
Ц죬ȴһãȻĵʵĺˣĺˣôˣʲôƵģ𣿡 
û¡̫еæؾŲĶ 
Ǿ͸Ͽ汾ǰɣЦ˱ŵʱԶԶϿЦֹ 
ڳϣҲ̲סشЦĺӢɲҽԣֵ¿ʲôЦ𣿡 
һЦһͷҷż·һɫһһףһֺˡôˣ˵̫ɹġ˵һЦ 
ҵĻɲʱˡòŵ¹Ȼ£ 
֪ˣ롰Сһˡֻˣȴ˵٩ȻĺҳˣҲ߳Ŀ˵ӣһϲŭϵˣͨǲʲôвġ 
һ·޻ڹԱſڡ 
һģΡΡ˳ǰ佫Ҳ졣ұŵô˸£æ֣λ˲ضСէܶ鲻λ˶˳ɻջؾ 
һȻԼλܵĻӣָɻջس¶ӵ 
ұӭһڹԱٶйݺԹ 
ɤӣ˵˴γʹϹѹλսĴ󽫣رС˽ǰΡ 
£Ѿⶨսƻ¹ĿĺӢɲҽ׻˵꣬ʵؽһķǰ 
ŶѾⶨսƻ΢΢һЦԻûȥúо 
Ǽֻү˧ӡύˡ 
ĿҪϸ£ð¡ĺӢɣδҲ̫ˡЦȴ¶ӵЦݣ±ǡ 
˹ģ˵µ³γʹ鲻㣬¹ٵμͬ³ʹϡ¹Ѿ򾫱˧ɣʱװ 
գǺǡǱѸٰҵͷãԻ׼Уλϡ 
ã±ϣλ˿Իظװˡ£ˡ¹پˡҪҵףҲԹԵԼ 
һ̤ԼҸڣЦֹ 
ϹңôˣʲôôЦ 
ҽһ˵΢㻹Ц˸Ʊˡ 
źЦǸĺӢҲһͬŶ϶ǽȤ 
Ҳҵ˼ЦҾ֪ûġվҪǽ 
ȻҪúдඣһ֣ߣȥ£˳СѡƯѡˣԸ˰ҪĶ׼ãǰҪôϡҽ˷嵥ϣ˰죬ګګ˵壬ҪһҪ 
Ȼǳһش 
Ұ죬ҪЩҪʲô 
ҽһ§еӪ˯಻أ 
԰ΪʲôҪ 
һ¶Ҹ羰˵ĵطһ¾һ಻áԵ⡣ 
һȵؿң壬㲻İɣ 
ȻġԼвˣ 
ľԡô£ 
ϴԧԡ϶ûȤ 
һɣЩʲôݳƷȥ໨ 
֪ 
֪֪𣿡 
ЩĶһʱ򿴺ϷͺãĶͷ϶֪˼˰ɣ 
һתҲЦˣ㻵ӶࡣĺӢɳ类Ѫ 
ǴȤڣ϶ɲɨˡ 
ǣҵĺʦ磬϶Իúϡ˵Ҳ¶׽Цݡ 



ҹӹȻˡҷԸ˱˾ƲˣֻСƶһɫضˣЦߵ̳ܵĹȻڲͬ 
磬վҪ̳ʹϹһȥɽˮԶ֪ʱܻؾǽ˲Ȼ 
Ҳһôߵ˴æ 
СҲҵ鰡ȭΪСܽаɣ 
ҲһĬòŵ벻ߵת۾Ҫֱˡһγһ·Ҫעů尡 
磬ȻҡҶݵͷһʹٵı飬ܵö˴ңижѡ 
ҲסҼͷ̾һ˵òʹǷǷġ 
ҳһЦĵľСƣиչأ 
һæЦߵܾǻˣ֪˼ 
ҶСһ֣Сֻи磬һؾҪӻġ㷲ҪķԸҪǶǡ˵ֶŶƽؽˣǶ£翴屡ϣҪƽϲǡ 
ô᣿Իϧиչ׵˵Сƽӹȥ§ڻ 
һЦ飬СƾͲҪܵˡ 
˵ɵ᲻ϧ㣿˵ֽһ§ס 
Сʧĸף޿Һжʱգʵм硣 
ô˵ҵ׵ܵܣչ˵ܵܣ쾭壿§ңҵĴҾֿŵ˵⻰ 
˼ô֪ͻȻСƣұ𣬡ҹȻûпˣֵ˼ϸܡĵϸҲ˻λȴҲû׺ʹ۩ǻ 
ｿһЦȻ˼ѵ˵ȥ 
ΪҲ֪˼ҲЦü黫 
˳Ц֪ʲô˼ 
ǶߣƽɫǶǵͻȻɫȻҪȻðֵһ 
Ҳɫ⻰˵£Сܲ 
ֻҪ˱ǡαŪҹֵ࣬ܶҪúðգĪҪǡ 
ҵ˼ҲͼȷӦúúǡȻһЦСƽأúöҼСƲǡ 
һ㶣ȶЦǰǰʲôˣȻסˣͶлߵϵˡ 
һϣЦСܲԸ㣬ʵձҪҪ׼СƺúദĪǣ 
ȥɣСҶúùգһЦ㿭֮գΪ칦أ 
л硣 



ҹ͵˶ƽѰֵڰĵӶĴϲ֪ʱ۽ߣҵ½Сǲᡣˣôȥ 
粻̾˿Ҳ˶ϡ 
ĬĬңá 
ˣûȥˡջߣϵֽס߰ɣ 
һͷһۻס޹ĬĬصһˣأ 



ʮ 
ʱ֣ҴһڣƺƵؽУУڽһվеľǧе롣ĺӢϣӢˬؼ¾ӡⳡ棬Ȼܹ˵׳־˽סʮֵľ 
ҵˣæӭӡμʥ£ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧǧ꣡ 
յҪģҲҿֻǴƽĺˡ 
ң¹ٷ֮¡Ҳعؾҵǰʿ׳ 
ƿʾʼǵӻɫĻĺڣ֮£ڼĵ£ĺ˴ͱˡ 
¶һͷȥЦүװں棬ͷĺ˱ӣþ 




ʮ 
ĺӢξϣ;ʿǣɧŰգоҲʡ˲ʱ䡣ת۳һ£Ǿ뱱Ϲ̩ԽԽʼӼ¶ʿǽ̸ϵΪҵĴĺӢɵȽ콻Ӧԡ 
ӺƺƵнУҰؿϣĵҾûڡЦ٩ʦȻôܲˣ 
һǲнǽƴԼʲô¶ҪԼǿԼôԵү⸱Ƥҡ 
㰡öʲôҪĶ¶˼ôô㲻ظΪģϰһۣ֪г˿ֺֻأ 
Ȼˣ϶˽ҡǰ͵ˡ 
׾ͺã 
ͰһһˣȻ˵ԼĿɣҽһƵǰ 
ʲôһ̫˰ɣҪʲôʱȥ 
ĺӢɵս𡣡 
ǲڱ㵱һ۶ûͽˣϾĪ 
˵أҪ÷սʲô¡ 
صͷ֪㲻ʲôûСô˵㶼ˣ 
ҵͷˡ 
һȣʲôʱ򿴵ģÿߣûù 
Цһ˯֮أ 
㣿ָңģϢ 
ҹȽϰЩһҹܿˡĺӢɵȷ͵Ľ˧ֻսԣǶز˾ˡ 
⻰ô˵ 
ڱϵЦ 
˾ڣм˵㻹Ҫҿ 
Ȼղֲսȴǿõġɨһ۳⣬羰ã 
һȥǶͱڣΰࡣһֻ׸봩ƶɫɽƾһַ¡ 
ϿһۣѾˣɽȽرɽƸ߶վмһ׽ѹأѵõȻϱڡҳ뱱ϵĽսǴ˷ 
˵úã˵ȥϵĻᣬȻд󽫷ȡ 
ԣ˵ͼȶţֵ㿴ٹȥҹͱϵı߽̩ˣһƽ׹Ϻҹսôأ̩Ҳ֣ΪĵƲڷء 
Ц϶սԱȻˡ 
ɵЦˣһһֳЦңЩѧģ 
ѧõʱҪϸĺӢɵսԲȡ侫棬ȥɡƱ뱱һսʮƷҡֱȫʤһ̣սںδǣǿľӣԼٵĻܣɱʤս۵Ĺؼ 
ͷˣʱ˺ͣȱһɡ 
΢ЦţȻˡ 
ҪôЩӣĺӢɲмġ 
ԶӢͦʣЦ˲Ϊ塣 
ҪĵģǱϹΪ¾ۿܡ 
פڲ׽ϣдĺӢɵһ佫Ӫеƻͨһɽ칧Լλϣ˿ء 
ҾƱЦ˵һ·;Ͷ٣͸λˡ 
ĺӢΪ׵һɽٱԻңʥˡ 
Ҿ̩ݾڣۿžҪ뱱Ϲ棬ڳʹ̸֪ĺʲô⡣ 
ʾ̸ݣػش 
һЦگ뿴 
گɫʱ䡣£ 
Ʊһսֻ˵ĸ֡ 
һȫһ𡣡ս¿˫Ĳ𣿡 
һ塣˵ 
һʱӪ˻Ȼ 
˼ϹҹսȣʤʿԿʮѻʯѵȺʿĺӢһҰס 
û˵䡣΢ЦĺαسƣԼ磿 
֪ʵս̸ֽһˣжΪ֮ɥټͥɢɲϰݡ 
֮ΣЦ 
ʵһ㶣½ʵϣȰջĺ̸ 
֪Ƿּ 
¹ס 
ǽ۩ذּ¡еİƱ 
һ 
ЩϵΣЦһһɨǵӡν˵˵ 
ҵĿֱͣŵϡ 
һ𣬡¹ٲ׵µ˼ 
Цţװֵ˼ʹϣߡҪҳʹҪȥɣ 
ҵĻһڣ˵ľȷǳ 
£ĺӢɾȵؽ 
оһ֪ǾΣĿ 
һɣæ֣¹һж֪ǵ飿 
νҪ𣿡վǰóһСֽһݣƽ¡һŵ֮£µŻ¡ 
Цνıʼɣ 
۾Ѫǣ 
ֻӺƯأԭԸӣֻǻֵĳּɰ̣ŷˡһЦʵĺˣ㿴ôã 
й¶»ܣɵն 
ɱˣ̫ѪˡһüͷѪȵ顣һҪֻҸдأ϶Ҷһʹɫֺ֣ҽţȻϹһֻ۾ʹڵϲסѪһءֽһҩ۹ʱֻɤ˻ƣ𽥲ܷ 
ȳǾþ̵ĺӢɶΪ֮Ŀü֪ˣαصһΪҪ汾Ϣдеǰ취дҲɱʱˣԻѡ 
᲻̫ˣĺӢɵе 
̣Ц˭Ƚϲ̣ó͢ʿЦŽв̰ɣҪֻ֣ӡ 
ҵĻڳĽ첻һ񺮡ĺӢɽþòһ 
Ҫɳϣ˵ˡ 
ҿһۣЦԭܽ 
һ㶣ȵ˵֪ҵ֣ 
һЦֹһ˵֣еĽҶ֪Ҳ֪ǵ֣֪ǹȥľܽǴӰ׹Ƕģǳ뱱Ϲսؼ¡ս׿ˣȴúһʵġ 
ºγԣǽļƻʵ̫˳ݺˡ伱æ֣֪кζԲߣԸ߾ܣһ֮ 
һЦ뱱ϣƱһսǿλ׷档Ľ׹Ը˶Ⱦӷߡ 
ؼңʹĽ˾ƽؼңЩ춼ǳѫ԰ܣ 
£Ը׷£ġһʱ˷׷¹ıġ 
ҽĿĺӢɣĺô˵ 




ʮ 
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼס 
֪ҪľܼѣЦԿһ£ҲĴ𰸡 
£Ϊѵؿһۣ˵¹Ըһ֮ս۳ɰܣӵµȡ 
ҵ˵ͷãĺȻ塣Ȼĺˣײ᳼ˡΪ˼ɣԲͬЧҡҲϡνģΪҳҪڱ˴˹ٵĻϣһȨƽⷢǰµԱʱԷڡⲻҵܶϣһʷ̻ǵġ 
֪´Ӧľ棿˵ǵλĺӢɵ󽫾ĺӢɵĸ֣汸սʱ侲򶨣һԱɶõĽ졣 
ôģҺϾϣȡ 
¹ϣңֻĺȱҪ˵̸ 
ҵ˵ͷԸ¡ 
ӪֻʣҡϡĺӢɺˡֻ̯˵ͼָ̩˵̩ؾ֮ڣǶǵıʱٵı򣬶ϹΪ¾Ϊ߻ʮֱפڲݡݺء 
ĺӢɽӿڵݾ̩ܱפ˽ݽ򣬶פפγɰΧ֮ƣҾ׽ǽ˰ΧȦƱرһ¾ͳԵ¹ٵ׳ 
սҷȻĬָ̩˵̩ݵһƽʮսǽսڳݣѹڴģսÿǵıﵽһõЧ 
ƺĳĬĿһµسң£Σ 
ЦͷǶԵûд 
˵ͽֲڳΣĺӢһȻʵı飬ڳս¹ʮֵİܹȡʤ 
ҡͷֻ뱱ϵľƣڵģ 
һʣ˽һ㶣´˻ 
ĺ˵ʽǷѵĴ˰ɣҵλڳΪ٣Գ͢Ȩֲôģ 
漰ĺӢɣĬãſһ۵˵ɣ 
˵ͷصһ͢Ϊɣ̫Ϊ׵ĺɺԽӻʺΪ׵һ塣 
ҵ˵ͷʵĺɵı 
˾һĺӢҲ̲סؿڣɽ֮ƣ 
ҺǺһЦһʯ񰡣۩֮߱ţñ̫꣬¿ˡ 
£һɻңƺڲ¶Ҿվһߡ 
᲻֪ǵ뷨˵ҲҪǶҳϣҪҳϵĶ̫ӵ¡ 
ĺӢƺģسһƬ֮żʵˣѾ뾩һ࣬Ǳ߲֪ʲô 
ģֻҪǻûпսͲдĶҪ˼Ǹǹأ 
ǽѣȲܻؾҲڱϿսһƺǴҲѵõ޷ȷжϣεĺӢɡ 
ĺӢɳҡҡͷ˺ĬؽĿҡ 
ҵ˵ͷ˵뱱ƱһսҪսپԽսڳ뱱ϴսǲǡġ 
⻰һҲȷǳڳݴѵҪ̩ݣ 
ΪʲôҪսԼĹϣЦʵ 
˶һԻ 
ָŵͼȴ 
һָĵطһ㶡 
֪֪ˣսפĽ˭ 
ϹųƲ񻰵ʯ⡣ 
ΪαΪ񻰡ҽʵ 
֮ǰɫսԣΧҳӴŻսΪ񻰡˵ҧгݣ¹ٵĸףǳս 
ļͷʾοȻ˵ðսԣҲô˷ʮפأγɰ֮ơһԷҳӵ룬Ҳã˭ǳѪս£Ƿ룬׾ٱ 
 
ΪΣٶʵ 
Ϊ 
˼ұϾսÿ춼ϡ̲סЦ 
ҵͷ΢Цǻ²͸ҪȹĿ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ƣ 
ǡ˶ĺӢɺʱŴ죬þòܳԡ 
΢΢һЦ̸ϣλܣԷй¶ 
˵ʲôȴס˻ͷѾΥͱնࡣλкλҪ˵ 
˽һɫ¡ 
Զϲŵƺ 
Ϊƻ̫ðաЦЦ 
ȷʵǿ»ҪʵôǿӲĽƻȷ㼱ȴ֪һһ֡ûаյ̣֣ 
϶Ȼ˽ҡһڣʵϢ 
ʱƽȴµĶΪǡ 
ǣüͷֶǻ־𽥲壿 
û 
¶˭𣿡 
ڷ鲻 
üͷ̫ǱΣ 
ÿϸ衣ϲмЦ㵱һ¡ 
ҿЦ϶ 
˵ֻĸƷ֮֮ȥ̫ӣѹ˼Ҳϵһ仰ͻȻһ 
ͷԼһòƽ飬ԸȳȥҪһ˾һ 
ϻ˵ʲôһָ˳ȥ˼ҵӪⲽͻȻͣڷŴ۩̽µѪ֮ϡѪѾɺԣְɫҽض̲ѪһƬ 
Ҵˣһʼʹˡ 
һֱΪ¶˱ض֣ȴûϸһֿԣʵ˭۩ĸӼȻܹƸʵУֻҪʻһ죬ǾлȰ⵹̫ӳΪλ̳ˣֺαؼ¶ԣǱزϣ෴̫ӵĵλ᧿ΣֻҪһͿ˳صһε 
һеĽ۶ָ˻ףп¶ˡ 
ʹԺûкöԸĽǶΪ̫ӣܲһ㣿ʲôںأ˭ܱ֤ﲻ뵱ʵۣ 
ΪԼԺֳ︡뷨𾪲ѡڻɻףǸϲˡֱǾʵпʵҽϡ 
ôˣɫô԰ף 
ףһ 
ôͻȻҪ㲻һ𣿡Ҳһ 
ҵͷҡͷҪʣȥǡ 
ˡһԸȥϷɿʧҵҰ 
Ӫ˽ս۵ӣҹĺ䡣 
ʮ 
н̩ݣؽﲻؾڶſӭЩнĵҿߵмĹﲻǰˣض񡣡 
̩˾ﲻӭʥ£ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧǧꡣ˳֮վ´࣬ݣܹס̩ݣȷǸɫ˲š̲סҪл۩ΪԾǰ״֪׵ؼɫľ½졣 
һ̩йݣһʱ䰲֮ұټڽﲻǰһ·;Ͷ٣¹׼˾磬½ӷϴ 
ءӾפڳ⣬֮󣬱ͻһ֣ʡķȽڡ 
ﲻһ㶣òŵƾ·Ը 
ʯйսҶλ΢Цȴǳ 
йСģսۡﲻ㯡 
ʯǸˣ 
⡪¹ٲ¶ԡֱĺӢɣȻǲΪһ⡣ 
˵˵ĸԡЦصģֻ˽һ¾ǰս 
ñԷǳϽǸڴսӢۡԼĵˣʵزԼĹ۵㣬˿Լ 
ҵ˵ͷã˵úã׵ؽзڱԼ͵λϣӦ 
ﲻеãȴƺʢǸֱˬˣԲزסĵ׵顣Ц˻ʲô⣿ 
ĲҪ¹׼磿 
ҪҵͷȻЦôñþдܷģ 
̩ҳͱϵĽ֮أѲҲǳ¡һ̸۾ȴ¹پдȴǵһΡﲻ¹˵³ɫȮУԲš 
ĺӢɼæֹ󵨣Ʒȹģ 
ҹЦˬˡ 
£ˡ¹±çƺҲ֪ʧԣæˡ 
ɫȮȻǰġЦŲ£˵ԼǸ»ݡ෴أϲˣҲ顣㿴ָϣﴫһʮؽȷʵ顣ϡ 
¶ʱһƬȻĿⶼ䵽ϣܶཫ춼ʶϵĹ򣬵ȴ֪ؽµͯĺӢ֪ͺɫҵء 
΢΢һЦʸλ˭ļûһλˣҲ֪һĺон檲ˣҲǣ 
ô̸۵⣿ЦҲãЩ˴ʶһӵƢźã 
⡪¡ĺӢɿЦһԵ˵ˬʵЦ˺üнΪѪԺӣĺļ˵α̫ǫҼҲ˲ټأҰˡ 
ϣǵ汧϶εˣϣλܹرһ 
ı£¹ٵͼʶˡǺһЦǿɲСǵɲ֪ôأ 
ĺæֹֺ 
ҹһЦźãǴҽҪͬ۹ãҪΪλĲ˲źã⻰һڣʱǰཫ챾ͲϲȽڣ 
¹Ȼڲͬﲻͷ 
Ʊ뱱һսҪ˴ЭϾս˻Ҫλ̡ 
̫ǫˡĺӢɴʱȴµսԣʤеˡ 
֪Ǽ»ɻҲֻ΢ЦŴҡĺһЭǡ 
ǰ˵ڳ»ʹϵȴǽǰȻ֪ܴɺ̸Ҫɣ 
ҵͷ̸ɹģϹӷ򡣡 
˭͡üͷݲʹνһ 
ҵͷѡѾˡ 
Ŷʾĺæʵ 
ȥ 
ҵĻһڣһڽپǾ̡ɣ򲻿ɣ 
£ôȥǲǵȥ𣿡 
üͷȴһԲЩУֻԸ޳ȥӷġ 
Ϊʥ̸ʹڣܲȥϹʹ֪Ҫսϻһ˿Ҳ޷ģ顣 
ȻѾ䲼Ҳֻӡһʱɢȥϲ˵һҪȥ 
ǵġüͷôˣˣ 
Σաҡҡͷ 
϶ڰ 
֪㲻¡ͷֵΪʲô㷲¶Ҫͷ 
ЦţΪһʿĻʵۡ 
ʿĻʵۣ͵̧ͷ壬㡪ҾúԺ 
ŶЦУҿޱȵκͽ 
ҺܽԼܹ㣬һһʵ롣ЦһҸ 
ҵ룬Ҳ롣һɣҶȥһŬ 
峺۾ңȻ֣صؽַҵãһŬԸһ׷壬һʵǸ롣 
ס֣ڴǣ֪ 
زţҵġ壬Ҫ㡣 
һѽ𣬡ô̲סˣ 
ɬؽҵؿڣֲˡ 
ιҵİĴҹҲµʥһ˵塣 
һؾҵĴ࣬ػӦҡ 
ڱ˴˵ľлڵأǸĦű˴˵壬ŶԷȶȡѹסҧǰķۺ죬ʣҲ̲סϢϣ 
Ц̧ͷǰû⣬ʦ 
ҡͷЦˣԭɬ϶ѾٳԼѧ۲ˡ 
֪ʦ类ѹı顣ʦʱˡغҵ壬Һ𣿡 
һѣôĵӡ 
¶ɬı飬ΪסĶͷϸСĺ顣ͷһЦҪ 
СƵƴͷ룡 
һ׽Цš 
ʲôҶӦŬĥҵģжôǡ 
뵽Ȼ˵ֻҪǵôӦһͺãҲûʲôҪ£ҼʹԼ廻ҲһȥֻǴ˿ԼҲ٩ˡ 
Ҫ˵һһǧһҶӦĿѸָͲסαҵȫ 
ЦűסĲӣӦã 
ͬ˽͵ؽҵ˫Ȱ⿪ҵϺһŪҽסϣҪ 
һȵ̧ͷʦ磿⡪ģ 
͵Ť֧㡭㣿 
϶ʱЦݣðŶͷסļˣһò 
ҪϡҪŪˣͲסĸŪƲסڡ 
ͻȻβȻй˳ʱͨ壬еôҶйˡ 
һ£ѾͷܾʹճԼľĥȻйȴɼͦļˡ߽һʱ̧ͷҲ̲סһٹӵأ˽ȥ˼ͬʱ̾Ϣ 
ʳ֮ζҵȱſɶҡš 
ͱó׵壬ΪȴԼݣϵ·Ľ 
ҿ̲סˡҵس˼£̲סһɹɵӿҲ͵緢 
ϾѹϵƵ£ĵૡ 
Ŀ϶ҪһֱҡҵΨһ 




ʮ 



ԽǿԽǶӣȻѾģ̩ݵҹź⡣ϷͬһƽȴɳӶ࣬һϮɳԸ˵Ƥ˶ӵȴӢ۵ڡԺɴ棬赲ɳϮܣһƬȴصϡߵһ˵£ɳС 
һͷһֻһʿЦݡϣҶʱʧ˻ش¡ǰϱˣ̩оҴǳѵʤսۡϡǵ֪һʱԻ󲻽飬ҹҷԼĻֱ𣬱ԸȻָӵľӣڱܷģ 
жý뱱Ͼڣҵʵ 
ѡչʳӵģȻúܣæվͿԽˡ 
һһۣȥݣ 
ãȻҡҡͷ 
ȥҸݵػ 
Ƭ֮һǧߵףС˳ʥ£ǧ 
һ֣ʡǷȽڣʵȥݣ 
ص»Сڲݣʮǰסڲݡ 
һ㶣ʵ꼸ꣿ 
С˽ʮˡ 
ʮ꣡ҵ˵ͷ 
ʱݻҳ̲סǻ 
òŵ˵˵ӡеĲݡ 
ֻһ֡ 
ҷ׽֡ʱʢı߾ȷԣʮ֮Ľ죬ѾǱϵı߹˵Ǳϵľ֮һߵı仯֮ĿࡣΪҳϷ֮أӱķչǱ˲᧣Ӧ˵óɫǿأһеĴ𰸣ձɽ 
̩սң˵Ǹԣȴ㰲ﲻĹܡ˽Ϊáҵ˵ͷȥɣ 
ߺһµӡ 
һͷôˣ 
ˣЩӪϢ 
ҵ˵ͷķ˯ںƤë̵ĴϡæµҵķΣСֹһͻôɳӡ 
òԼвǵ֣ʵʲô 
ص£Сͼϡ 
ͼϣ˼ʶ֣ЦЦĻ˼ңԲȡ֡ 
ǵģС˵ĸ̩ݵĽ 
 
ʮʱ飬սˡ˵£Щˡ 
ҳĬƬ̣ͼϣұͼϰɡ 
ǣ¡˵Ӧˣȥ· 
أʵ 
һ㶣ʲô 
ҲǱǿ𣿡 
СԸġΪСҪˡ 
ҪˣҾ׽仰òŵȥɣҪϢˡ 
ؿһۣ·ȥˡ 
ҪˣԸھ۾ӪʵĶޡΪʲôΪʲôҵĻ˿飿ѵֻΪûϵ飿ҡʲôʱʼôˣ 
ҲΪʾǴľҳʹϣƱҪһŵںǿ֧ԮǳսۣҲȷҪʵҵļƻ˳ᢡⳡʵսؽΪһԱĴ󽫡ֻҳ˼Ŀ 



ݣǽ뱱ϵ·ߡΪйԱݽʹ飬һݳǾܵ¡صĻӭʽ¾ɵҲ׺;ڷ׷ۿ֪ʢĻӾòȡڵɳĺɴңʱΧһƬΪ˵ĳҲ˰ŹʩϹԬҳӭʢʥ¡ 
Ҳһٴӭˡ 
Ҳҡ¹ĽһȻǷǷڡԬٳǻԲޱȡ 
΢΢һЦٲһйݡ 
֮΢΢ǷС˴γʹһౡ֮ٴ˴ΪЦɡ񵥣ԼЦŴйװΡݹȻ÷ǳԣ;ǳ֡ 
Ԭ񵥣񡣵ȻЩ񶼲Ǹ׼Լ˽ءֻɫ䣬Цµ¹Իʥϡ 
˵һ嵥С˽˵С͸λ档 
Ц˵ңҲƴǡҲǿջ񵥡֪СʱԽӣ 
ﵽʮգҳͱǧԣ͸ǿӱޣʮտɵ 
ҺǺһЦˡֻСŹˣǰӷĺã 
ԬȵңһȻЦǰ¹Ĳܵ½֦ҶܰͶ֮ࣿ¹ͷԸ£;͵һǰ 
ãЦŵͷ 
˾ɳӢۼʥ£ٴˡʱһĹǰ´͵˾ϵĹƶȵȷԼصһסֻ˵¹±¾ϯ½ӷϴ͹ݰ١ 
ҵͷӦˡԸԡ£֮ŵɳӢĸϡ 



ڶʮ 
ֻһؿȴŽȻͬĻϵϯϵؼӣûиˣûϷģֻ׳ĺӱһν衣һʾɣĬĬţϲ¶κɫɳӢҲϲķеˣƺֻԬ˵Իĺܣҷ˲٣Ҳ̲סЦ²ϵ̵пţ 
ɳӢ˲ʹõߣЦŽӹ֣òҹĵߣ¹ٴͰɣƺҵġ׾ǳ⡣ 
Ҽæ֣Ҫܺ棬һأ 
һۣҵķӦϡ 
еæעڡ£ 
Цһͷλ˼ЦˣСԱϵĲߺǺأ 
ԬҲЦõϾˣҲء ƺΪλ¶СԣȴܹʽسԲ 
ҶõЦţԬ˽Ȿ 
ҵСԶʱóɳӢȻһֵңȴҲɵΪ׾ӵĵЦѡŬרעţⲫһ˵ӡЦõؿң£ŵ㡣 
ҲֻɳӢеСɳ˵ĵƺȽϿ죡 
ɳӢһ㶣ңеĵǸ 
ԬЦŴԲ²֪ǿɳ˵ı͵ıأ 
˸ӽǵȻǺõѹҾñȽϿ졣֪ԸԸСһ£ 
ɳӢԥ˰죬ص˹ҷɿ˵ȥҵţ⣬ﻹĵؽţĺܿأ 
ɳӢԬ˶һۣ¶޿κε顣 
ڴţ⡪СòؽɳӢĺܺãϵĵ߹Ȼóɫɳˣлˣ 
ɳӢͻȻһ죬æ˵ߣͷԼʳ 
ҽһƣͰɣ 
һ㶣˵ʲô 
˸԰ѵܱĺ⣿ҳһЦһţٶǱһ㡣 
£ЦţһϣЦ ѾԼķݣٳҵЩЩΪѡ 
ҳҡҡͷѵ汾 
¹ٲң֪Ҫ׽Ūȴڳҷ 
ҺǺһЦǾ뽫Ŭ汾ǰɣ 
ʱ鼸òˡֻӢ¾ضӣؽеţԼǱֻʹݡЦúò⣬ҸϵĹŹֱԼ 
ܶʱ򣬿Ե˱ҪȿϷӹ񫣡 
ԬɳӢֵңɳӢǿţͣĶ춼Ŵˡһĵɳˣû°ɣ 
ͽһ㶣æ͡û¡ 
ҹЦһ̫˼ˡҪˡʱ磬СҲøˡ 
ⳡӷ磬ȷܱĲأ 
йݵ·ϣŻȻؽҶˡ 
Ц㶮ʲôˣ 
赶⡪ʳھս½ǹ˽µΪˣ߾ͻ׵´˾ٵ⡣¹ٿ¶²²µ⡣ 
ҺЦȷǸˣҲϣܶЩˣܼ֮һսȤǲ²һȴδءµҴеĿҪĵȥĳǳأãӦأ̲ס˷ 



صйݣҷԸ治ҪţҹĵǱסءݵɫӦ̩ͬ羰ɿӹݶͣɳݼ֮ϡ˿̵ɳƻͨԺ鷿ȴֻ˼յСƣյҡҷǱ룬ںڰ֮С 
ʱȴԬĿǡ 
ϣǱô˵ 
˵ǸɫεĻӡƺȻɳӢġ 
ϯͿϷµĽ죬òֺ 
һİȴͳ𣬡Ŷʲô 
˽ҽյıֻɫһ˵ǵͳȵĺѽ 
ϣԬȵؽе 
ͳǺЦǶƭˣơüӵдսȻ 
ɳӢʵ 
赶⡪ʳʾأͳ͵˻Ѿ¶ɡϹۿܡ 
ҵ˵ͷǱϹʶȻڲͬ 
ȻˣǴãɳӢ˵ 
ֻۿ˵ءҿôһˣҲһأ 
ǡǱߵ˲Ҫʱ 
ۿƺŭˣôѵ޻Ҫ˵ɫ£ 
²ң 
ЩüĿҺԥسϢػصйݡ 
֮ˣһҽȥ¹¼ϡ 
һ֣أ 
æ˫һźϷԸ 
ȡֽʣд¼ֽС¡ 
ǣ¸ǡѸݵʧڰ 
չͷһţȴϵּ 



ڶʮһ 
ϵдӢͦСͱϰһֲ׵鷨 
һգ˼ǧҹˮء ĬĬضţȼ͸¶Ĺ֮ȴҲݡ 
ڶǾϢҳ˼ã̾Ȼˡ춯ѾǳԣԻΪ׵ĺɺԴ۩Ϊ׵Ľγˮ֮ơԣĸӻʺ֮ơʼĺɣҲ̧ζĶˣ˴Ҫʲõƣϣ̫Ӿ缴λ 
ֻд֣³ɣ 
ҵ˵ͷЩճɻҽ 
ڶ磬ͼϱϵ˵áϴǰվ˲ˣΪ׵ıԬֻȭЦƺϢòã¹òʱ򰡣 
΢΢һЦ֪Ԭкμ̣ 
²ϣҳӣ¹ų͵ȥӷġ 
ҵͷãԭҲհݼϻʵ۱¡ɨһڻԬˣ֪Щʿʲôģ 
ҳʥµġԬָһʷǷ˵λǻͳ壬;ȫ 
ǰĻֻ˵¹壬ʢʥ¡ 
ϵЦݸˡ˺ãһ·֮ϣҪ˶ӹˡ 
ʲô壬ǱۿܵϸǰλӢӣԹȻ٣ۿǸɫˣĿá 
ذǵļƻ£ǰϵĶӷ 
˰գұͲסį̸˺磬֪ڱϵκְλ 
¹ֻͨĿ⾼ңȻǵ֮࣬ʹװҲûаǫʡ 
ͨҺǺһЦͨ¼仹ͨ𣿡 
ֻۿ΢΢һ㶣ȻЦ¹ȻҲͨĵ¡ 
ӴЦҲһȭ壡 
ۿܣҲԼ 
΢Цţεңܵñϻʵ۱Իͣ 
塣ۿܿãŻش 
һ塣Ҿ׽ĻЦˣǻҪȥӷ𣿡 
޺ȥӷ򿴿ֻƺʡۿܵѾҺҵΧס 
ҵͷǺź 
ĿͻȻͶɤҶ𣬡ʥȻСơ˵Ӧô죿 
һЦóһݹٷͨҴеĿġ 
޷޵ؽӹ֮ЦǿЦҲ̸ 
Ҳ˵㲻ͬ⣬̸ѣЦòá 
Цһûɺ̸˵ûɣ 
ҲΣȷصͷû 
ʲô˿ţ֪಻̩ݵıҲһƾЩҪ޵ʮ⣿ֱЦۿſ˵㲻Ҫˣϵʡ 
΢΢һЦʣǶҺܲأ 
Цʲôۿܺɵҡ 
˵ʣݳȫǵİգΪʺʽأҺϾ 
һ㶣͵ؾסҵ죬˵ʲô 
α˴ֱһ֮Űʣʵʧݣ˿ˣЦ׽ס֣ЦҪ֪ԭɣͰĵﰴӪˡҪ򶨣򶨣 
ȻϣƬ֮бʿϣݳͻȻߣһǰգųɵ˶кȲˣʮΣ 
ۿȻ򣬡㡪ĺ£ 
΢ЦָԼС 
㡪úݵģôֶΡҲۿָܵЩ 
Ц㲻ɱҡɱңôİսⶾأһӵĻʵ۱£ڲˣҪʲôĿȥ² 
ⶾµǶҩ 
ЦӢ;Ҿϯ֮ϵľʾ²͸е赶һ˵ˡУ˫нһСģ˷۱𣿡 
ȻɳӢϡ 
ҺǺһЦ 
ڶأȻгҲ¸ްɣۿƺָ侲ʼ 
Ц𣬡з 
⣬ָǸǳذɣ֪ʥεҵʮۿҲǷ֮ǰľѾȥһı飬ƺڲ²һñ 
ͣݰ·̵ƽԭϣҹȻ䣬ɪԼӪһ˿һиͼһֱߣƺҲţ£Ļ𣿡 
ЦЦͷġǵģġϣݱ 
ڶһ磬ǳѡۿܷһسҵӪʣסҵ죬˵ô쵽ģ 
һŭ泩ޱȡôǳʲô£ 
ضҰ죬ЦȻǸڱϣλͳ֮޴˷ˡ 
¹ȻˬӢ۾͸õŵ£Ҳµؽ󣡡Цƽȵضӡ 
޵ʮһϦ𣬾ʲôǣ˵ӢɱУ޵ľӾˣԻòҰճڣˣԸʧܵ˰ɣ 
ڸݵǩ¡˳ֵ顣 
һ£㡪 
£ܵеζܰɣȻԵõЦţȻʤˣľҲﲻԶˡ 
ãǩڸصϸ˻ʵ۵Ľӡ 
ЦŽӹ飬˵µĴųʮ򣬱ȴֳɣݱǿҲΪΪҾһǣƲݵľӣȳݣȡݣټбݣʱ⻼ܵУ 
ƣֻΪһҹͬʱȡݶ۽ҡҡͷطأֻһҹʱ䣿 
սֻһЦţͼȡͼָͼϵһС򣬡ֽ¹ݽ֮ 
Ϊơ߶ݵľӻᵽ¹򣿡ǲ⡣ 
ǾǱµĴ󽫡ʯĹˡҺǺһЦ 
ʲôѵ˵ʯͨУۿܴΪȡ 
һƬĹ²ҪӰǡЦҲѡȡеսԣʤʢӡظǸսԣ򽫼ƾͼƣľӳһսݵ¹ľȽϽȱݵľӸϵʱսѾҾսʤٶݡ󣬷ɢֱȡճǣνѴ֮˵Ȼɣʵʵսȴޱȡ¹򣬳Ϊ˱Ͼӵķس 
ۿܰ޲̾һ 
ҵ΢΢һЦ¿µʾ 
ʳۿһ㶣ò 
Ǳ²µˣ塣ЦţҲһҪʱ¡ 
Ŷһ£ͷˣ֪˭޵ɱ㡣 
²ߴͽ̡ҵͷЦ 
޴Ӧ˲͸¶֪޿͸¶һϢ㡣Ǻ׽ˣȴҲˡ 
һ£òŵл£͸ˡݵĶصԼľӺԻ⣡ 
ӪۿͻȻסҵ䡣 
²ңЦ 
սʧܣķڷ 
ЦŽӿڣһҪѩ֮ܣ𣿡 
ۿ̾˿ʢ㣬½ҳ󻼡 
ߵӪ⣬ԶԶѼһ˷߶ϣϣҷɿسȥЦͶĻ 
죬û°ɣӵѯҵ 
ҺܺãЦǡԻȥˡ 



ڶʮ 
Ӫ칦磬ЩѱϤޱȵĻƤϣЦؽڽͣؾơĺӢɱɫͨ죬ȴ²½ٱŲȵߵǰĴָ̫ˡ 
Цܽˡ 
˲źأյһݣپϵһҿǵһָӴ̵ģнʲôǰһƣ¹Щʲô벻ЩǰֹıСˤ˸׳졣ʹ죡Ӵộͷһδôʹ죡 
ЩɲСġϼæָָ֣ңӢ 
ҺǺһЦ϶ôļƲ߿ɲǱġ 
ҲЦˣǰǵȴսԵģЩСı 
һʹʹü϶Խˡ 
Ŀҽ㣬˻ǰؽšֻ˵ҴһڣƵ˵壬㣡 
ЦŽĲӹǲҪ˿ȥ˺Ϸʰɣ 
һ۶ڽЦϯȥ㣿 
һջЦݣŲý 
ϳԸͼ⿴أ˳ƾů˫һƸ꣬ſϴЦ϶Խˡ 
ʦ̵ֵúãҾ͵㣬ƵеƤЦŷȥˣۡ 
Ƥ˵һһεġȵҪҡ 
ҳһЦ϶㻹ûл᣿վҪʻؾҿɲԼˡ 
ϷԶյذһۡ 
һǡԿССƤһ¡ıǼ⣬Цңڵ壬𣿡 
㡪壬´ôŪ㣡صңƽϢŭЦһ㡣һ̴õȷʹ֮£¹֮սϾͻ£ 
ԺĻỹأ϶ḧķʣһжңҲò¾֪ˡֻǣ˾սѣҪ೤ۡʾõ˶źģҪľ׽ˡ 
ϵͷʲôֵ̫ӵ¡Ҫô죿 
ҳĬţòŵδ⣬ȥ˼¡ 
ҵʤع飬Ǿ˶Ը¡ 
ʦس;ܵ쳣ҵĻӭ¹֮սʢõٵĳǳأʥͷǹһСϰջ裬߽ҵᦺţһ·ǽĺӢɴ˿ȴһأǱսоʱҲ¶ɡЦ֪ԭɣȴⲻȥ㿪 
Ȼڿ쵽ǵʱֻҵӪʡ 
ĺʲô£ϢȴĻػ 
¡֧ţԭˬˣȴûš 
ǲǾﴫʲôϢ 
ʱһѾ֪ˣ 
²˾ģֻ𣿡΢Цʵ 
£ȵңҶɱ㣿 
˵أҵЦݸˣĺˣǸˣҾ֪ԼӦô 
ôң 
ҡҡͷˣŵԼ 
̫Ҫڲɱ㣬صǻĺӢɴ˿Ȼ˾ 
Цˣļͷõġĺڳи㶯̫ӣҲӰ첻ĺڳ͢ĵλοĺ˱Ȩ֣˿Ҫôеˡ 
Ƭ̣ͷ׵µ˼ˡ 
뿪ӪʣҲų˵˵ѡһߣ 
˺ȻĺӢµĵ 



ڶʮ 
뿪ǵʱ򣬼ʹڻӳͣҲûʱݻݻڻʼҵĻӣҲΪ֮һĳ̶ȡֻһսʤ㽫һ˴ĬĬĻӣȫӢΰˡȻв˵Ĳ߻ҵʤڸסѾ͢ıϢ 
ʺ̺̾͵ĳĵ·룬ܰٹٵĵء̺һͷվҵڶֵܡ׺ʹ۩׵壬ֱڵ̺ߡһȥԥŸӦԴַͥľ档 
һӵסңӭ飡 
Ҳɫһ̫ӵ£Ҳݡݺʢʳİͼ֮С 
һܵĻʱ쳹 
߻ʵˣҵļ򣬡˷ʹأ߻ʵܹ˳ʹʵʢʳ 
һЦһ仰ҵʤᵽʹȻԽԽˡǰܹ˳ذʦسȷǲң 
ʵ̫ǫˣĽʿõļ֤Ƕ֪ΪĽܳƲߣŽܻܣȻûпʺϵѡ۩ҵĹǺƤؿҫԼġ֮֡ܡ 
ǰˣҵֵܣȴһַİоǡѾɰеĽϾΪĵжԹϵˡſڵ˻棬һֵܵݼ档ûлشǣΪԵŶԼϷ룬ҪҵĻӦ 
ԾΪɣڴӿ÷칦ӡģѾɽ˹ԺݣȴڡסҵĸʡʢʳȴȻԵˡ 
ڸʵĴߣǷһ˿Ц 
ʼձŻ˯״̬ʵĻȨλˣտ̫๬ŮûСĴߣµ֣ʣˣʤˡ㲻𣿡 
Ȼشκ⡣һЦţң죿Ƕֵúܣȴ˵ᶯҪȥҿԸȥҩҪ𣿡 
ָͻȻ鶯ţסҵ֡ЦˡʹΪɥʧжͷѡػסãʣһ㡣 
۽ˮȥҪޣҪȥҪҵָʾ¡ҳǸ¶ˡ 
ҽ׼õҩι죬ͿˡȻ㿴ЩĶǵȨιĶǣԼȥһ仰û˵ڣǾǣɻǵĸʱ龰ǡ˾⣿վ۽ɨһ¹ԺĴԸҪţ 
һӦ 
Ȼʧڻʳ֮С 
ĵߵҵĴߣҡȥˣ 
ĬȻصͷ 
һܲҡֶȻ˻ʶ壬ȴжΧ顣˿߷ʲô£ֻǿ޷ڣòǣҩˣ̾˿ˣ𣿡 
Ц 
ԡ˼ȥٶ̾ϢѾҩ嵥 
ҪڡüֽǵĶǺܺãЦ 
ҪЦˡͻȻסҵҪЦҿۣҲҪֵЦݡϣ廹Ǵǰ壬ȻгޣȴֵܹЦ 
ҪΪͲи顣ϣ𣿡ĮȻؿ 
ҲҪ뿴ͳһ£ȴҲ뿴ֵЦݣңңͼַʽůҴ˿̱ġ 
ϣ˿ߣҵĸɣһرůܿ죬ܹܿˡ 
ǰḧҵķʣ˵ 
ҵ϶ˡ¶͵Цݣ῿ļͷ𣿡 
ʲô 
졣ôش 
㣬ԣҲҪԼҵĴʵЦݡ 
Ҳ¹ʲôʹĸ׵ʹвĸʣʹҪɱˡ 



һ£һҪҪƱƱ 



ڶʮ 
յĳᴵҵ½⴩Խ§Ĵӳڴ̨ϣһشڳͥϿһˣֻڹһĻı󣬶⳯Ȩϵˡʩ񣬸˵壬ĸ밲ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧǧ꣡ 
ĻڸʹɫҲס˿̵ı顣ֻƽŵػӦʶˣƽ 
Ҳ˸ʵСҵ˿̲ϲãȴ΢΢ЩʣȴϣسԵزĸʡϣõĸ׼öȥһʣһϲѶ 
Ļ˳ĬãʶТıˣֻǻǷʶȥ˲ͽ˱ 
ҵϥأĸʶ̽زĸʣѰ 
һڳҲ̾ϢһԵ̫̫ҲʥТģʺ׼˰ɣ 
һǵԵİٹٲòһƬ֮ 
ĻһĬòŵТģʵ˸жðɣ׼ʶ°ɣ 
ҵͷӦδ֪ʵĲ飬¾ʥݡĸ׼̫ͬʡ 
׾վӽεĵطҵҪ˼ü 
Ҳһ£ƺתͷȥ˴۩һۣŴ̫ӻ׺ͽ۩ͬݣ 
𣬡лĸ󣡡 
׺ʹ۩¹ּͬҳ˴ 
˸˼ţ˴֮һԲ 
Ƕ֪̤ĹҪԵģȫͬ硣 
ײûȥ̽Ӹʣһߣ䵭۹⿴ǡ۩ҲֻԵ˸Ͼ뿪˸ʵĲ齡ǰסʵ֣ʣ壬ˡ 
Цһģˡ 
۩Żף˵ʲô 
˵ʵôܼԲã̫ҽô˵ˣ׳ؼЦš 
һͷǣλΪĮʵõľʲô 
߽ңʱôĸˣ 
ؿһۣЦǵĸס 
ΣЦĲ𣿡 
ףôˣʲô£Ϊʲô̬Įҵˣ޹˵ 
װģװġͻȻ͵صҳʲô£һأΪʲôΪʲôҪң 
۩һˮؿǣЦʲôʱﷴˣ 
ɨһۣЦ岻׶λֵ˼ôҳȥЩӣлôı仯ʺúõģôͻȻزԣ 
壬ڻװͿ۩ҲЦţ˶˵㳤˿ģҿ㲻ֹ磬ҺЦô޹ȴѾͱ 
Ҳȥ޹ı飬΢Ц˵ 
һ㶣ɿһң 
ҳЦЦ˵˻ͬ绰һ 
ȻĮض˻ףΪʲôȴ֪Ϊʲô¡ֵܵĸ飬ôͻȻģ 
ʹؿң㻹ΪʲôǺǡֵܵĸ飿ǺЦǶôһӣҪɽҸǣΪʲôҪˣСֶΣô㣬ΪʲôҪô 
Ҿؿеĺ塣Цףң 
ͻȻһ㶣˵ʲô 
ҡҡͷڻʼңʵǸףãҪ⽭ɽҪ𣿡 
㡪ͬʱġ׺ʹ۩һȡ 
ʲô˼ 
ЦǲǶ˵ҵĺӣĺٻİϷ᲻֪ 
仰һڣʱ˲ȻɫɫҰף۩ 
ôʲôһһٵʵ 
ҡͷ̾Ϣ㲻Ѿˣɱң 
һ㶣ûУ 
֣ͳ֣ûзֱģö̫ӵţ𣿡 
ҴӲɱ㣬û٣ǸţҲҪλѣɱ㡣׽ؽе 
𣿿ȴ㱻¶ҿЦ 
۩ͻȻ뵽ʲôе֪ˣ˶һ򲻻ͻȻ£̫ҽ˵ʵĲ֢ףµĶ 
һ㶣ȻſЦΣ̫ӣһλҵġƾʲôᣬƾʲô᣿ָЦޱҷԸ¶Ϊһ¾һ˵ġʱҾͿԵõҪġ 
ҿЦһ˵ʣ𣿡 
ͬʱһ㶣˵ʲô 
ЦˣߵʵĲǰʣ٣븸ʼ£ 



ԭ˵ҪƪģæҪҪȥΣֻܵһٽһˡ 




ڶʮ 
ǻɫ԰׵ˣһּΪƽ˵̫ӻף߱޿ˡ 
׵ɫʱҰףŵǰܣⲻܣ 
۩Ҳ˰죬ʣ 
ʺıλҲޱؼ˵ 
ôôܣⲻġײҽţͣسԼͷ㲻Ӧûģ͸ˣѾɱˡ 
۩Ҳ˫ȷعڵءʡԩֻǡֻǡҲ˵ȥˣΪκα˿̶Чġ 
ؿ˵ȷԭΪֻܵͻԼǰʶԼеļƻκ˱̩Ȼ֮ 
ͻȻǺǡˣЩҪ˵˭ֻɿس򸸻ʣͼΪǿ 
ɫʱһ䣬屾ܵȥ˭Ϊ׻óѵ˲书һطأֻһƵ׿Ѫصڵϡ 
ʼһԣûκζ۩ǹڵϲȡֵһӣֻǰǰ£ϣָʾȫ 
˿֪㷸ʲô 
صͷָŻ׵˲κˣ֪ 
ҵͷȥɣ 
лϲɱ֮ˡ 
ߵʽǰطТøܾˡ 
ľȻؿңòŵ޵壬ϻۻǡŻ硢ıԳڣΡλ壬ҫʢ 
һЦʣҪλڳ֤ܳ񣬲ʱڳΣ 
ͷһ֣ʱ̫Ӱǰگ 
۩ȻأòЦȥڻǱȥ壬㹻ݣ 
ûߵ˵Ļߣᱧ𣬳̾һɵϣ㱾޵֮־Ϊʲôʷ߱ 
˿ȻЦǰɵǣҲҪõһһõĶѡ 
һõĶҳţʲô 
׵ǷѪ˿ȴȻЦݡԭ㲻֪õġ 
Ҫشȴڳϵޱҵɽꡣʽظһ飬е˶һ 
ӻʺʱʧɫǰץסʵ½޵£檡檡޶ģΪĶɽ𢰡 
Цһһѽƿɽ𢣿󹬸ʲôĸ󲻻᲻ɣ 
۩æԼĸף壡öĸ񣡡 
кҪ˵ҳ΢΢һЦ 
㡪ııλӻʺͻȻָҴС 
ɫʱһɿϻһƣʲôʸָűУѾǻʺˣˣ˴Σݺ䣡 
ڳһֶۣʱվ˳£ʺһĸ򲡻ԣΣѶΪ֮˵󹬸˼ 
ʵɫ԰ףһһٵ˵ʲô£᲻ҪΪ޻ˣʲô֪ʶԻᷢ䣬ؼѰ 
һʱ̥Ĵһ亹΢΢һЦʣȻǶڣ븸ʽگɣ̾ǰگֻȸһɡ 
ԣŭˣ̫ĺ٣ֲֻС첽ǰ˭ 
ҺϾŶȴ֪ɩγԣ 
ΪǸ׼αӣΪΥףɩӷҵǰ㿴ˣ֤Ķӡһһɧ 
ЦӣҪô֤ 
㡪⺢Ӳ̫ӵģ˴֮վûҡֻ㡪ңĺҡһ£¶Ƶ˵ԵѪף 
Цԡ֤ǱĶӣҪλף 
Ըлضһһٵ˵ 
ҿ˸һۣ븸 
һۣˡѾˣ軰ܵ棿޾Ѷ⽭ɽͽʶˡ 
ҵϥ¹򣬽ӹ˴壬ʵΡתڳ֮ϣԽ޾ʢӡ 
ٹٶʱһأɽꡣ 
ɨ˴۩һۣˣѹȥΡĺ٣ЦΪҹңһ϶⺢ҵġڸ𰸣Ǹ˲ҡֻҹС١ʱ̫Ӳ޺̫СҪѪףҪȥȪǸˡ 
ĺٶʱȫһ㡭 
΢ЦţǱߣһʼǣҵĵˣһٴα΢΢ӣףҸ𰸣أõģʲôѾǵˣԸҪһС 
΢ЦҶ˵㣡õģģһСϧ￴Ĳֻң޵Ľɽԣõõ벻ˡ 
ҵˮΪβܿƵ£ҷ޵ģΪѵõõģҲ֪ԼʧȥʲôΪһΪԤϵ 
֣ΪᣬҺÿģΪᣬҵġ 
ҵͷġԣúðϢɣԼ֣İٻѨһףҵİߺã 



ʢʮ£ȵ򲡽λڵ壬ΪԪΡԪһ£ȵۼݱȫɥͬʮ£µʽλųʢۣ 



һˣǺǡеƣȻһʼ趨õġ뿴ȥģҪ˻ͶƱƱŶ˼ҲждģȻյĽġ  

ɽ֮ by yukyta(Ƽ) 

 

ǽ⣬һïܣзֱµɽԻԢɫ֮⡣羰ȻɫȴΪɽ·˽ɽҩҩṳ̃˵ءȻȴһΪķĹΪֵǣ׵Ĺ֮һֽޣǺˡʱȴķĹѾΪܲġ 
ҶһˣĹǰ棬ΪɨĹȴûκιƷߡҹɫҾָĦ¹·ӯİɫԵʯףѾ˰ 
˭ֻ뵽ŵģӵµǰ̫ӣ˭뵽Ǹ̫߱ӣᰲϢ֮УɷĻӲܽ꣬Ĺ롣ȴɽˮ֮أȡؾͨ嶼ʹõİĹ¼ð˴踣ˣֻһˡ 
Цˣ£飬ǲǺܿģ 
ףйң̫ģԹңԹ̫飿ɱ㣬ûһ˿ԥֻΪ̫ӡ㲻㣬ҲңǿܻǵһɣֻϧǶ˵طҲʱ䡣ԣסҪҺģҪԹҾ飡 
ʯӦұĴУһ統ձĻסЦݣᣬȻң˵ҽеģΪҪ뿪һʱ䡣µһϳʱɨ֮һ 
һۣȻ޷˵ȥ 

ʱ׷ݵʮǰʱԪζ£ڽ֮ϣۿȺһһִݡλϣҵĿ¶κǡ 
һظ˵ɫȴ޷׽ϵĽ֡ʳѾ಻ɣ๴ᡣϳڼ׿¸ſ޶ȣ˽ĵزĺԨΪ׵ĺɺӼҵĲеΪ֣ҪΣ͢ض˽ǣһһϦԸԭңҪɵ൳ûʵ֤ݺֶζС 
ͻˮΪݵúͼ⸳˰һ£ִݡһټԪǰݸһ£һ˾ֱӸƺָеֱ˳Ҳûóһʵеķ 
Ҳ͵˳ѷΪϺ̫ةҵ鷿¡ 
ؿ˳ĬһۣЦôôࣿ϶˴٣ԽԶˡ 
̲ס΢ЦǱ϶ɣ 
ʾǰ뻳ǽ̫ˣ㶼Թˡ 
϶ҡֻǵʦҪôó͢飬һ볯Ϊ٣󳼵ѵҲ˸̾ҡ 
촽̾ǰ⽭ɽ޲ûȡ 
Ƭ̣ʵкδ㣿 
Ҳü⣬˵ʱ򣬻ǽ޵Ƚ˳ЦɫѸٴܺ졣 
ĿתЦԭҲʦ˰ʦôҲ϶һ 
ҵıǼ⣬Цɲ㣬ƤúܣɲҪ٩˼ˡ 
һͷ϶ɲҵ٩ةأ 
æ֣¹١ 
ҡͷؽʲôǶ޵ĸ֮ˣ֮󣬳д»λЯֶأ 
һͬʱһ㶡֮ʦ硭Ͼȵؽ 
дһֻȨټ͸಻ٲСȥԿһԼĹңֻ˽⳼ʵȷжϡ 
Ҫ΢˽ãɱεȥֺαµ䣿һʲôأǺãǵ˵³Ըµ䰵á 
΢΢һЦ֪϶ǡֻڳУ޵ֶϣͲΪȥãҲץסʵݡ 
ϵ˵ͷʦܹݣ 
϶˼ٰڹƻͳɼزѴдةһͬ˼ŷҲһƣⸯĳ͢Ҫȥٸ⡣ 
ֻǡµİΣԥ 
Цة˲صģ˵ԼƾӰĹ򣬱Աºˡ 
Ӱһ㶡 
ҺһЦֻةиС֯ 
һ㶣ȻȻؽеԭ 
ǡϵ˵ͷϸˡ 
֮һƻУǣɽ֮С 

ڶ 
ĶһˣʫƣƶˡݵŮȴֻһţһ¡šŵһͷݳķ½֣뵱ȻŪµĳҪˣšó£Ҽ̣ĽҲѷɫȻĴڣȻҪңһʮĥ£ÿһضˡ 
ӵ˵λϷ֮أɽˮ֣ڸ֡ĵطˮԲǼ򵥵¡ 
ڴݶϽߣ˼ؿǰӿĲΡ 
ιǱߵС磬վΣգıȥԶԶؾ˳ҷɱһܻһؽкš 
һͷЦԶȻһ㲻ģסҵ־ߣ£ǳϹ˲ɣһɿקߣһ滹治ۣЩӱˮѾˣƫϲܵ⽭ӹš 
ǣɿĵϣȻЦ̨ƺ˽ĵΡ 
ûذһۣͻȻͺǲҪǲǣǵطվ𣿰׳Ҳ֪Ͻˮ˲ˣ㵹ãԼȥ˵ţͻȻһ㶣ɵشһ㡪òǹȥİɣ 
⣿ǵģҺЦصͷ 
ƺǾȣȻһקסңС磬ţҿüĿǸ˼ҳô˼˻⣬иȥİ취С粻еķ˵ڶȷ׳¡ 
㶵ɿ˵һ˼ΪҪ 
ɲС簡㻹ᣬɲǸİдǰ̵أôô׷Ϊǵ˵һĩ˻̾˿˭㲻˻Ҫֻ첻ۣûһ 
ףô˵ͷˣҵ˽ԼҪתʵ⻰ô˵Ͻˮֺ͵ʥкι 
ƵؿңСģ 
ҵͷǰֻɽˮ·˵أҲҪϽ羰 
羰С湻еġˬʵЦˣһ벻Ҫɱأ 
˿湻ֱˬģ΢΢һЦ˵λ̨˵Ͻˮ͵йأ֪ô° 
ģȻ֪ԭɣϽʮδˮƫƫʵһλ˸ɽɲ˵˼ΪԸʵۣɱ̫ӣҾ˵塣Ű겻ˮǵ˲֪ʲôز˵ˡⲻүıӦʲô 
һʱɫһ䡣үıӦģ˺һԶӿĽˮЩϸ۲ϽܱߵĻⲻ֣˻Ͻذĵ̰ɢȻ̵ʱ˳͢Ŀ޵̵˶ΪϽδˮ̰ӲЩ湦ĵ̰ӸѵһĺˮԲʲôӦңŵǳ˵ĿڣǾͲͨˡȻ˿ɢҥԣΪģƺǻٻµ۵λ̨˻ɲ˵ڰǱ͢ȥǻӿڳ 
ˬʵЦˣСǸĳص⻰ҲұɵóģǴﴫأݵ̫غ˾˶ܿ࣬˵͢õĿڶûǻ治ˣˣСǮġ 
һ㶣õҳ֮ǰͲˣôҲӦһִݣΪʲôȴ˵δңҥԾԹٸҰгйȻͲסˡݵ̫غ˾֪һߵˣôҥԣ̨ضͷСһЦ¶ŵ飬̽⳯͢飬̨ô֪ô꾡 
˵κصĲۣӵˣЩ۵Ļյڴ˴ģæŷǮȥˡæΪԼԣһôڲƭ㡱ģ 
ۣҵ˵ͷԭǲ۴磬³󸮣زʶһЩѣҿΪ˺ˬҪύ֪ԸԸָСһ 
˹ȻʮˬʣزסһҷʱЦҵļ˵СϵܣǸѪԺӣѣҽˡ 
һȭЦ񣬺Ѷϲһ̴ 
Ҳһ鳤㼸꣬ӽ𣬾Ͳؽ㰢ˡ 
Ը磡Ҳ 
ֵܣߣԸȾȥԸĵطҪдһٺõġһסҵļ磬˱ߡ 
ҲɵȥԸˣ˵㣬ȴֵһˡݣô̽ݹƶȡ 

ڶ 
κݱȽϿϽˮ˺ܴʧ˱ȽϿ½Ϊӣٵ򼸺ˮˡˮȥ֮ᣬֻһزǼҸԿİҾȷǳֵɾ࣬סƺûܵˮӰ죬һƬȶģ 
Ը磬κصسǾ𣿡 
ԿЦܣسͱˮˡ 
Ϊʲһ㶼ûӰ죿ҾɵĹңǰֻȵľ˿ûң·ѵûС 
ûӰ죿ǰӿϵĵ·ˡԿһ뵽ʱĳüͷˣǿвҰЩһӾû˼԰ء 
أҸ䡣 
ɽˡԿεһЦ͢ȥĵطѣֲʳԱƵ÷ɽ 
÷ɽһ㶣ʲط 
Կ񿴹ƵضҰޣ֪Ҳ̫˰ɣ÷ɽ֪˵ټص÷ɽȥˣ˵أԭɽҲнĵģ֮£ûĸεĳ֪͢ʲȥˡ 
÷ɽϵɽɽа취ݣ 
ϵʵÿϸҿɾͲ֪ˣҪЩɽǾа취ݾˡ 
ҵ˵ͷ÷ɽʲ᷽򣿡 
ԿЦϵܲǶ÷ɽȤɣǿɲǺöԸ 
ֻ֪䣬ѡϲɫ˵ 
ԿͻȻҶС˵ɱ״˵䡣͢˲ٰ̽͵ץйصأ 
ҵͷӦˡһʱԿصСƹݣ˵ЩƲˣغ 
ʱ˼ӣ·ģٲȻϸѵȴûνĽõҲǷǣֻǵ˾Ʋˣس 
۲һֱЩ˲ͨĽ͡ 
һ̧ӽ˾ƹݣߵλ٣ȴûдκкߵʱӻ֣ǰ·˹ȥ 
ûκζֻ˻֡ 
Կ̸ã֪ݵסеŭЦ˵СȥĵطվͱԸ磬ջصأһǰݷá 
ϵҪˣԿǸֱˬˣһסҵֵòʱҵýҲûպúд㡣ˣҪúôϵ棬Ҳ֪ĵضǲȥаһˡ 
ҲЦأһԸСȥǶ棡ˣ͸ˡ 
ҪңֻҪȥñҵ֣һҵҡ 
ԿȻƧֵһ硣 
ϣǰ;֣ɽ 
ɽ΢΢һЦ÷ɽıҲɽ 
ҵƣ÷ɽ«ʲҩ 
ݶǶһ÷ɽǰһʿ壬ǿ˲츣յĺ¡ȻЩ¶ǰ̰ǿĶԶ谭ǹٸγ÷ɽ÷ɽϵĺúͳΪ÷ɽ 
峿ʱ֣ҹһСΣеɽ϶ȥΪ羰ʵ۲ĵΡСһ÷ɽؽ磬˰иˡĽŲƺʲ֣ٵļҲڣֻǸСޡһ羰֮أηس̣Լȡ˲ͺУ˸ŵȥеسз 
ĽŲƺмƺ֮С 
ֻԶԶЦ̨С 
ҲЦ𣺡ǰ飬ȻҲ͸𡣡 
һϮɫ䲻ȴ򣬿Ǹ˵ӡԶԶƼ̨ȻģʵĽý 
˵òҼսƹݵǰ֮һҳ΢΢һЦҴ˲پƲˣÿ˷ 
Ҳˡ÷塣 
񡣡 
֣һЦ 
ֲǸˣɫҲȻڡ 
Ȼ̲ס⡣ 
ŶЦ˻ 
÷ɽؽ磬ʱɽų̂һڴ;ȻǷ 
÷أ㲻Ҳ÷ɽѵҾ÷ɽɽȻȷݣȴ׽Ū 
ȻüЦ⣬ֺ˼ 
˴˱˴ˡҲػӦЦ˵ѵͶ÷ɽʮֺ档 
÷˼飬òŵ棿 
񣬳͢Ȼٳٲȼã÷ɽɽˣǺɽҲкûְ֮ɣ²޶⣬ֻ֪ʵѡҺε˵Լ⡣ 
ǸֵˣΪʲİã÷ɽҪ÷ɽ£ֲ¶£Ƿ𣿡÷⡣ 
Ǹǵˡ÷֣ߣӦһ÷ңЦվ 
仰һڣӰ֣Χסҵģ϶ǹٸļϸɱ˵һĴŭغĸֵѾҡ 
÷һסҪ 
Ǻһ㶣Ϊʲ᣿̽ģΪʲ᲻ɱ 
ֻĬãŵɽկ 
һЦ÷Ϊβɱ£ 
ҵһ㶣ȻЦЦ㲻ϸ 
ҲˬʵЦ˼÷ҹȻ÷ɽϵǽµȷǹٸġҺ÷ɽһ֮ 
ƾ㣿ԵĴһм´ҡ 
Ҳ⣬Ц÷ɽ˿̼Ǯٸַͨصĵ·ʱһã÷ɽϵİձضάơң˵Ҳǣ 
΢΢һ㶣㾿ʲˣ 
ȻһڽϻЩѣԸ÷ɽѴ˿̵ҽһƷŵ÷뿴 
ضԼֻһ֩÷֮ᣬɫʱһ䣬ве 
΢Цͷû 
 
Ϊ˲÷ɽصʳȱ⡣ĴҲ֧Ų˶ʱգοĽͶ÷ɽﲻһɽկϱȽϳĲͬӿɽկկ洦ɼʱݣٲȻһҪڴ˵ضӵģ 
񶼽կӣһܣп˵Ȿǹٸ飬ˡ 
ɱҵĺŭ˵ǹٸܣ͢ܡʲṷƨУҿûġ˶ټ°ӵĹϻװһ˵ӣ˾ͶģԴկͽм˵ǻʵСҲ֪ڸʲᣬûƼֹһ 
΢΢һ㶣Ц˵˵͢ɷõûеأ 
÷ʱɻң֪͢ 
ҳһЦ÷̫ССˡƿɲǱҵģǴԼ 
⻰һڣҼ˱һ㶡˵ǡһԱ 
ҵͷòŵ֮ҪŪ㹻ʳ 
ݵĵ·йٸҪŪʳԴȻ³ȴϸµһ档 
ʳݡ˵仰ʱҵĿЩǺôĵӣȻҿռΪ˽á 
ݣ˴ؽ 
ѰȥֻһӢͦεĺ˹÷λԵ˰ɣˡʧԶӭ 
÷弱æ÷ɽĴ󵱼Ϲݡ 
ҳһȭϹٵҵĴˡСһͶϹٵҵĴݣ 
С䣬ҵǲȻ˵ˣǡĳԱ 
һʱ˽ɽկľֻ֮ϹһЦԶɽկֻдֲ赭ίˡ 
һһЦԵСðɽҵ󵱼 
΢һЦ֪͡СǺιϵ 
ȻǡĳԱϾڽȻ˽ȴ١ԼţɣҲпԭ΢΢һЦûʲϵ 
⻰һһɧʱ˾ذε 
ҽ˵ҽͨȷƲʲϵ 
ʶ𣿡÷弱æʵ 
ҵͷ벻Ҫͷ£ԭ̫Ҳȫ㡣ֹܲͬ񡣡 
Ϲݵһڡ֯Ĺϵ 
¹ϵһЦ 
㩤Ϲݺ÷嶼һ㶣ŵԭ 
Ҳǫ飬Цûλһ֣һҽǰкηԸ 
Եļɫһ䣬µܹ׳÷ɽвʡ˲ǵĲǣֻǳ΢΢һЦתɫʱһݣʵϢ𣿡ҵϡ 
ˡ͢ɷ˾к̫Թ˽̣ݾֿУǻɢҥԣѳƳ͢ܣٳٲɷϢǴһ˫÷ɽ֮٣÷ɽȻɱΧˡ 
ҷԸȥȻϹٵЦλ˰ɣࡣ 
һ϶ǷȻ֮ɫֻԴ̫ˣհΣˣĹٸʲã 
÷ϹݽһɫȻṧضһȭ֣㷽˵Ҫʳݣ֪ǺεѵҪɽ 
ҺЦͷˡ 
Ǹ˹ٸһ÷ɽɣϹãҡҡͷգ˽ս 
Ƿٸ÷ɽΪʲ᲻Ƚʳ⣬ȻڿӦԹٸΧˣЦͣһᣬ߳أҪģѾֻռɽΪӦٸˣҪ塣 
壿Ҵһ÷ɽ˵ɧ 
Сܶչ۲죬ˮ֣ΪЩ̰Ϊб˽ң˿۳͢޵̵ʵĲ̰ӣĵ̰޷ֿˮνѡǷǵûзʡ䱾˽ʧԷݵĳ·ǰأͼԼݹ٣ԷΪΪ 
㩤ѵ췴Ϲɫͱ䡣 
ҲɵЦˣԼԼķ 
Ҳ÷ɽģֻǵһѻһѿյǵĻþĻʵ֪ңҪΡ˵⻰÷壬˿УһƬ͸˵öԣ÷ɽΪݰһʱˡ 
˵úãҵͷǣ÷ֵĻ˵˵ϡ÷ɽΪѾǸһѻף²û̫ƽкܶգȡ 
Դɵǣ᲻ǵû򣬷ɱǰѹ 
һһĬ 
վ컺˵ΪʦѹԾ͸÷ɽ֮ϣԸǼˣ 
һʯǧˡҵĻڳ˵Ķˡ 
ǻ÷ɽΪ˶ԿٸıǱֵĴʱֺη壿ϹվѾˡ 


 
÷ɽȻ׼£ݵݸҲʼжǼ˴ݾ׼÷ɽн÷ɽ羰ɽߣеԶݵĽɽۡ÷ĵߵԣп̾ȴҪս𡣡 
һЦ÷ֺˣ 
ǵõϢݵݾȻˡҪһ÷ɽ 
ɽϵҲˡ̾˿µĴ󳼣ʢʳĹٸ磿ʧʧ¡ҵĳǣǲ̫˽ŹΪ֮üͷ̾һ 
ԶҶһȴһĨϤӰƼɽǱô£ 
׽˸ٸ̽ӡ 
̽ӣҷɿ߹ȥһ¡ 
סˣǰƬ֮󣬲ǰһӵ뻳ô 
ңϱˣƶҵˡ 
ˣҵƶҳϺһǵһμ 
£÷һĺɡ 
ͷһݣƿʵô֪÷ɽ 
СƼæ¹򣬡Сǰ𷣡 
ôҵҵ 
ǡ϶ҵġ 
ϣһ㶣Ϊ 
¡һûӦС֪ҵƢµҲ 
Ӷҵ 
϶Ҵšż㽻С 
ҽӹһòЦɵϣὫСƷ𣬡ίˣҲãûо 
˲ˣСƵϡЩ 
§һףˡƶãҽơ 
Сƴ˿̲ЦһЦһԵ˷˳÷ǴˣЦԭֵľʶ 
ҲЦ÷֣СҼյг裬Ϊһ⣬ҵġ 
÷һ㶣òżһЦݣǺǡԭˣԭˣ 
ҲֻǰСһ§ЦЩӲˣң 
Сһ죬ӣ 
ҿɲں÷ɫЦ÷֣СҪط˵˵Ͳˡ 
÷ɫ䣬æ㣬㣡 
Լסӣһѽǵģ϶˽ң 
С˳ҵӦҵǣֱ˿һлС𣿡 
֪Թҽ͸ӹЦǰ뿪ңԹҽ˱ˣ 
һ죬СûУ 
ûУЦıǼ⣬û㣿 
ɫʱһ䣬Сˣ 
⻰ô˵ 
СѾˡͷЦѡ 
ɵϣҽ§Ͳˣ񵽼ƽ˵Ӱôģ 
ӣֵ̧ͷ 
̽½ǰͷֻҵģˣҶȥһϳ˺֮⣬˷ɫģ 
ˣ΢΢һЦϲ˶磿 
ûУСûСæϣСơֻǺ£ 
ʲôߴط˱仯̽㣬׽ס֮ԴСƵϢʱ֣ҲԾҵĸĦҡ 
Ҫ𣿡ʵ 
˵ͷ׵ؽһ󷭽ʡĸЩ 
ʲôԣҵɶҡڡ 
ңǶ磿 
ʱһ㶣òŻعӡ 
͵ͦһ󽿴ЦشҰ 
̧ͷңСƵһֱֻһˡҵĴҾףЦŻӦǡ 
֪ 
ӹؿСƵϣЦЩһ˯˱ȻίԼ 
ҪɱСͻȻʵ 
᲻ãЦʵ 
Сҡҡͷǡ 
Ӿڸʲô 
ԾɫС̾˿˺ö๫ģ 
ԹûиʵȨɣԭ뵱أЦţôҰгǸˣʹֵҲð 
ɽ;ϰաﲻɽôϰնܣ 
ٸƵġҵҪˡ 
ɽСƲҡ 
ԼķӦúܺ档Цˡ 
ӵ˼СƲ²͸̾˿ֻ϶ܰӵæ 
§סôԴˣ 
ǡСֻǾԼûáĬȻ̾˿ 
ĴɵϣҿɲСûáСϲ˶ˣԲҪЩеûġ 
ֻҪСƿ԰æģСʲôԸ 
㵱ŴӦȥӹЦˣСƣߵúܣΪң¾ҲȥӹġС˻֮ƣµӹ̫ӺͽĶ֮֮ûˣȻԽԽá 

 
жٶɹݾȫûϵ÷ɽȻǵƤ½һʱ˷硣ǷӦѾ÷ɽҽʳɸе˴˿̵ɫһÿ󡣾ݡ֯Ŀɿ鱨ҹ鳯͢ϣ͢ɱԮѹ÷ɽȻһ鱨û͸¶Ϲݵˣ⶯ҡġӵ鱨ʱЦ÷ǳġߡҪˣᣬµĶӦø˲Ŷԡ 
ݾѾ÷ɽΣҲѾúƽ˳ֵ׼ֻǡݾҪӦ࣬Ǽѵ¡ϹѰƵңһ§Сƣϵһεֱͷȥ 
ҹѣ֮ߣ÷ɽϵθӣǿСɱʿݾػսɳһռݸݾسĵ·Сɱʿһݾʿڶ࣬ҲͲסĥȵؽƻ 
÷һ£ѳأ 
һЦʩСƶѡ 
Ϲ˼Ƭ̣İüƲߣ˼¡ 
ռݸ֮ᣬʾַʱһӿϣݾʱҲ޿κΡ÷ϲؼ˵ֹȻǵ֮ 
ЦֻǺСƵЦ 
ȻҵķŵͷȥһʱƲѶ˶߶С§Сƣռƻռݸͳ˧Ρ 
ֻһǧʿƹݾռ˴ݾڲݸ¡ѾڲҪסµݸֵܻеݸԮҪһٽкԹܻ񡣵Ȼⲻ÷ɽ˵񣬶ҵΡһ֣ҵӰԸһ֮ᣬŰĵشСƣ 
ҵļƻȰӣݸ÷ɽһ𣬱ɾ¡һǧ˻Ϊ㣬Ǳݸڵݶǡ 
鱨Ԥ⼸޲ݾʱ˽÷ɽһ𣬶һǧ÷ɽʿ㼯һٹݸͼҪĹؿڣݸ峿ʱ÷ɽݳϵʱڹƽǲŷ˹ڳǽߴЦݳľɫ 
ϣݾݸϮһƬңӯķҵǰ 
ҵԹ⣿ҵ˵ͷȻɭʵ 
ɫһ䣬𷣣ûԹ䡣 
ȫˣŭɨһۣվʲ᣿ 
Ϣة಻˷ԣɳʦԮݡ 
ĺԨһЦôĵӣûҵҶ־ 
ϡڷǳʱڣ޷ةȨʦ 
ҵ˵ͷȥɣ᲻֪ҵȵľһ졣µ÷ɽʿæ׼ͷݾսĵⲽѺ˾еĿⷿŶ롣 
ֻ˺˼ȭɫ㲵رϡҽȥ϶ʱһ̬߰ȣߣȷ࣬Ų˶á 
ҲĽ£ȻЦ´Ǻ¡ 
㩤ɵشңʲˣ 
֧Цˣ´شҼ⣬ҵԿǷһ· 
ʲᶫϹݺ÷˵ 
λæأû˾µǿյúܣ´˺ܸȤأҴսϸףõһ˲ţᾡȱأ 
ߡûбҪش⡣Ц 
ǰʵҲҪĻش𡣡Ц÷ǳģת˲ȴһʮƣþûдˬˡ´ˣشɣ֮ԻᷢˮΪǿ˿۲ϣʵɳʯϣ޷ֵѵһĺˮȻˮһǾɢҥԣ˵¾ı֡һʯĺüı 
ɵضã㩤ʲˣ 
û˵ֿס˳͢ãƳ͢ӹܣܼʱִ֡ɢ÷ɽļϢʹ÷ɽòɽҲǣ 
㩤еɫԽԽס 
ĺѾûλˡңһĶ˭ҵԿһҵɴЦݣȴԽԽɭ䡣 
㩤㩤ʲˣԭưȫɥʧǲĵؼһЦߣһ÷ɽɲ򡣵ʦһܣá 
ʦһЦΪһẦʦ 
һ㶣ŵؽе㾿ʲˣ 
ʲˣҳЦһʦµˡ˵ЩֳһЦ´ˣôҲ޵£޻ῼһȫʬġ 
ֻŴ죬˵һ 
ЦøӲãŶҵ˸㣬ҵǩ壬ס𣿡˵ԼַѨŬۣ״ңͻȻغáɰ´ˣǵȻЦļ򣬷ȥ 
һصͷͼµļӰ׵ȡ˻ͷԮݾͷݾû˽죬ʱͷĲӬɢӴܡ÷ɽıʿ磬һټǰ޶־Ĺٱ 
Ϲݺ÷˿Ҳ˶һϡ 
ʹ죡һһЦҡϹһѱסңϵܣ̫ˡҿͷһδʹ죡 
÷ҲһЦݣѾԸַϰտĵòˡ 
տģҲͿˡҲЦ棬һƬֵľ 
Сң 
ҽһ§ƶܹĳӵ㣬̫ˡ 
 
죬Ǳ߾ӵ죡֪˭ȷĽƬ֮ݳǵ÷ɽʿһƬҡ 
ʦˣѹǣ 
üͷԶԶгķ򶼳нʦСһңӣʦݵ𣿡 
ҡҡͷǣ㿴һͷ˭ 
ȥ϶ʱһƬҰףô 
ӹҽСһ§𣿻ǵ 
СƲңӣ 
װͿЦˣСҲ֪ӹɣҲƭŶ 
ɫһ䣬ӡ 
Ǹɵӣ˵͢ˣûһǿŵġɱңȴǲ㣬ˣ֪Ầ㣬ȴ㡣Ҫ⣬ҵסĴЦǴʹɱңȻȥţ˻λƵ۰ɣ һнƾͼ  
СƵɫʱһƬҲ΢΢ 
ô֪𣿡Ц紺磬ҼȻܹݣô᲻ǵĽƾͼƣ͵ſϷɣҽ§˿ƶ 
ջѡңпЦֻСƣҲɱ㣬ֻҪ㿴Щ֮˵³ 
÷役Զô֣֮ûпʦǻȻ˾ǰѹ˿°յļࡣ 
ˣҳ΢ЦȻǻǾ췴ɣ⽭ɽǻ 
췴ظҵĻ 
ʵǾѾ췴ˡЦòޱȣǺ棡 
һң棿㡪òŷ˰ɣ 
ŷˣҹЦô飬ΪʲôҪ£˳ƽСһ§Сƣ˵˵һ𣿡 
СƵɫҰ׵ˣҲյô亹кµĵ㡪֪һˣԲԣһʼûҡͻȻ˫Բɣֵؽ϶ 
ֻС϶ֻг裬֪ʦܵıδزʦ֣ 
÷ƺҲ˲Ծǡôˣ 
ҲֻͣЦʦӹ 
ӹˣ÷һ㶣ʼδϹͻȻ˵ӹԳԸЩСëƺ˵ȥɣ顣 
ҵ˵ͷɱһˡ 
˭ϹȻˣĿȴʼնҡ 
㲻Ȼֺ֪αضһʣһЦݣȻĨȥϵװҵ֡塣 
пҵ˶ˣ㡪 
Ϲݵ۹ⶼֱˣһԭò𾪵ҵ֡壿壿ʵ۵֣ 
ҺǺһЦǰǿеĻ 
ôܣ÷嵹ǻʵۣôɿҵ췴 
ԼԼķǲȤ𣿡һõЦݣһЦʱʧҺĵϻ֣ιô׾ʧô÷ɽҰ 
Ϲݴ˰죬㸴ԭˣֻ۹⻹תѹ˴¾ò·ԭ˵һ㲻١ 
۰һۣװŭغȵǶԴ̬ȣ 
һͨһ򵽵ϣǸǸСϹݣߵʵ۱£꣡ 
һҪعһ 
ε̾˿ɣǳʱڣؾ񡣡 
վȻ㯣ȴ·Ũϡ⡣÷ǰһ¹£С񶷵Ӧ֮ߡ 
ҽ𣬡ôͻȻˣ˿ҿɲʢľ÷ɽϵɽأǳĺá 
ҵĻǺôЦ 
ǵģûĻʵۣԼɿԼķǰһϹЦȻɫӹǳģ֪ôӦԡ 
ǲõģֻڳͷſϷɡһ̩ȻЦݣǰĲ١ 
ʦڰִ֮⣬ﴦӪӹǧǰ󡣡ͷɽˡѱΧ־ܣ 
Ϲݴ𻰣ϹݵҲȤڳͷһ˸ڵأֻǱӹɫԽԽ࣬ȻѾǵ˼һ£ӱÿʼ 
ʱҷ˸߸ߵĳǽСû޵˭ 
һɫʲôҲðϵ䣿ˣɱ 
£µȴ˿ЦһûԣԼֵܶϲˣңԼ󣿡 
ȵػͷʱľΪ֪ʱԱ󽫣Ϊ׵ıϣŵĺӢɺҲһЦݣ˵ӹүãҲϲˣ 
ϲزڴô뷴Ϊ飿ǶɵĺӢɣô£ŭص 
ĺӢҲֻǲߵǰԾ¹£ĺӢɽӼ٣ˡ [1234] 
7 
ҰݳͷԶϽڵĽΡ΢ĽŲûлͷֻ󻷱סԼ 
鲻ãϵشҵĶĤ 
ҡҡͷôôʣ 
ΪСưɣӱ﷢֪Ų 
תסЦˣԴף 
̾˿ҪĴףҶҪ䵽׸ȥˡСҲǸˡ 
ˣԾϣ 
Ҫôӹϼʵ벻ͨΪʲô֪ļƻΪʲôĺӢɻᱳ 
ûЧҹֺһ˵Цһ벻֤ͨ 
ҲЦֻеżУҪôڲǿģʾҰĵˣǻʵ۱𣿡 
̾˿ᣬͿԱѡֻ̽һǣǵʵؽеˣģ 
ĺӢ㡣εЦЦҲĺԨ³ɣ 
ȥ͢޷ǾǱ˴˱ѣȻٱ˴𱸶Էıѡ̾˿ôĵϷҲȥˡ 
˾ϣ΢΢Щȡ 
ЦŵͷҺ뵱һıԴ߾Ҹ뵱һʴȵľٸһĻǲǻȽϺ棿 
ңŻɽµͷˣ 
ź棬𣿿ңɽͷϻôأȨҪƺģʹǾרȨҲҪ˴ƺܱ̫ƽ 
Ϻܴûнӿڣòŵһܺ档 
ЦŲŲѺӹıԺ 
磬ֵܺþòˣҹɫúúðѾԻҷԸ˱˾ƲˣһЦݵĶ档 
ȵңûлشǲ֪Ҫλش 
ҽƱݵǰ϶Ӿĺþƣ糢 
ܿܣˡ㲻طҡɫ̫ãԼϵĴ 
ЦˣľƱһˡ 
ҴˣãȻظҵĻԵػҡ 
ΪСҵ㣬ˡ΢Цš 
͵ȻЦȻҹ㵽н𣿡 
Цһһҵļƻ 
ûСƣֻװһӣΪ㡣 
ҵ㣿û˵ 
һۣ֪޷ҵ￴ʲôҲͲǣ˵ʱΪ£Ҵ͸Ұģе£Ҳ˳ˮۣ˾ı 
ûȷҽС͸Ŀġ 
ĿεؿЦֻû뵽㵱ʱƵ˽һǿ£㲻㵽һС㣬һδ֮ʱĺԨλҲ㵽ˡ 
̾ϢţĿҲ벶ȵںұ뵱ȵȴϳɾ̵֮СֻõĹߣͲĵ⣬÷ɽĳ֣ѣٵӦ֮ߣĺӢɸףֻȥϴһ̣Ȼ͵Լļ嶼ˣ壬㾿һˣΪʲôƾһ޿ɽСС˵زΪʲôֻ㣬ܵľˣ˵ý·ԸԼʧƵģˡ 
ҺϾ˵꣬ȻЦ磬㽫̫ˡ 
ҵ֪ԭôǫ顣Цһƽ˲٣ȻˣҲԹ˭ֻԼĿǳȲľˡҪɱҪУϤ㣬Ҫ׽ 
ҲĻֻеؿɫǸ֮أҪһλŻøӷ٣㿴Σ 
㾿Ҫʲôҡ 
Ϊķأ㿴Σ 
͵أ 
˴йأкβɣ 
й¶ı飬·ǰʲô֡ 
ҺǺһЦϷԡ磬úݰɣ 
㡪ɱң 
ΪҪɱ㣿ҵֵܣѾֵܣһˡļͷɻǵҹǵ̸ʼհѶ統Լֵܡ 
ã㲻ӵ˸󣬳Ϊв 
Ҳ绹սĻһܸ˵ڴġ 
Ǹˡ̾˿նݲ½ 
ҡҡͷҲģңЧǼʹ顣 
Ĭţþòܳԡ 
վ˿绹С𣿡 
һ㡪Ҫвң 
ҿЦһôΪҪһͯҪЮ㣿̫Сˡ 
ɵңʲô 
ҡͷ̾ϢǲǽСһҧʮ¾ҿɲԼߣ̫ҵˡЦҲ֪СƵ뷨㲻ͷɰɣϾһֱĶռ̫ãûˡ 
ȵң㡪Ҫɣ 
кβɣҲСˡЦţһѣϲȥɣҪˣСߵúܣİͱȥ 
˵Ķ˵ˣҴЦ뿪ǱԺͻȻ֮䣬һɡ

8 
СƱסص˸ңʼֻŴ⣬û˵һ仰Ŷ룬һֻǿһ 
ңʹͷ΢زţҾòڣźɵ̧ͷһӣ 
΢΢ЦˣƶϽһӣ 
ȵңæˣС֪ðʥݡ 
һѷƶ̫ˣ꣬ûи飬Ҳ˴õഺʱ⡣ߵúܣҲ֮УҲûй㡣 
СƵһ̧ͷӣ 
ҿЦһǷǳң˲ľԱĵزˡ㲻غ£ҷ˵ĻûıѣҲԸɡ 
һ£㡪Ҫɣ 
ǰ˺ܾõɡ̾˿С͸ңһ·ûܹʹҳ˺㣬ƺûиʲôܲԵʱҶжҪұ˵ˣֻҲšԣҸҪĶɡòã 
˰죬ͻȻЦҪɣûеˣֻڲһѡҪҪҪɱҪŶƾһ仰ɣΪʲô㲻ɱңΪʲôҪҾ֮ϣһЦһᣬ˵ҲԽԽ 
ƶôˣѵ㲻Ҫɣ 
·һͻȻĻɽһеɨϵжţ㵱ʲô㵱Լʲô˵Ϊһ仰ҾҪװĵӣȻлĶͣҸ㣬ҲҪɣɱҰɣ 
̴ݣҵ棬 
ԭѽ˵ôˣʹؽӵҲͣظţԲ𣬶Բ𡣡 
ڰãȻҡΪʲôҪ˵Բ𣿡 
ԭҪĶΪ˽˼̫ԴҲ̫˽ˣԲ𡣡̾Ϣš 
㡪ԵЩ޴룬û˵ֻ 
ҶЦЦˡ˵һֱǺҪˡǸʱûκҲûѣֻ㣬ҵ̣һֱңҲŲôµ 
㡪ҵģ˱ۣĿ͸ԭôҵġ 
ǸԵĻӣûԿͷЦŷſԭӦãûԹıѡһʼûЧңô̸ѣӽ֮ʲô͸ʲôίңһΪΪֻЩȡһ񣬷ŵУ׼㹻ʳǣȥҪɡһҪҵԼҸŶ 
ζҵһſڵĺӢɡ˶ˣ 
áĺӢɹ¡΢ʡ 
ҽʥּŵ 
ĺԨԪϣڳ͢طҹ׼½磬ꡣĺ죬ĺˣܲˮ𣬲Ϊݹ٣ΡĺӢ棬ι飬Աĺ壬ɣΡĺӢɣΪս׿нڣޣΪ࣬͢񡣡 
һƪּ⣬۱ᣬĺڳеһһȴǵļλſĺӢ֮̾˿µģ΢ΪжĺΪЧҡ 
ûΪĺԨ߶ıѶɱ¾ѾǶĺҵݣҽǼĵ̧ˮ棬ǿģҲ˸Ǽϳӡˣ 
ҡĺӢǸƢһҲԽ֮ 
Цͷһȭɵϣ˵ĺҵĸᶯҡôġҿɲ㲻أҵةࣿ 
ȵ˺һ£ע 
ҹЦôԽǽ⣬ܣ˼ôʲôǾҪʹ쳩ѾԻ 
ȴԶе£ȻҹǷĺȥϢǡ 
ͷ˵ǣˡȥ˰ɣĺӢɣȴܷϣҽһ϶ĺֻԼˡ 
ڳͷȾƣ˶һ£Цúò 
ҲҺ֣ò³һ䣬᲻ðɣ 
һ㶣ô˵ 
㲻ᰮôദ֣ǺѸġ治֪Ƕ飬顣ʹĻ϶Ը򣬿һصߣίᡣҹȻˮļͷ 
ǵģ㲻ãļԹҵ⡣ 
ȴ΢΢Цˣ޳ʹ죬𣿡 
תΪЦԽˡ 
ҵûϵ׷СơҲܻ䣬ֱӾˡ 
ҳĬã̾ϢԭΪ顯ģ鰮鲻ƮʲΪ⽭ɽܷˡ顯֣Ը鱡֮ˡֻˣͻȻԭ˸ԸΪ顯Ը⽭ɽˡ϶֪жڣ 
ϾþòֻǺӵø㲻ٿСΪԸɴˡ𣿡 
⣬شΪ֪˴𰸡 
ȥʱ򣬺úõȥɨĹɣ̾Ϣ 
ݾôӹ 
ҵͷвˡúܺã 
ȥĶ 
һ̧ͷЦˣֲµҵ˼ˣ 
֪ûô֣ԹԻؾֻʵۡһЦͷԸúװˡҪҲӰٶȴ 
Ҽװ̾˿ӻ˦ˡ 
ᶨصͷ϶µһˡ 
Ҷݵ§ӡһǡǣķΪű˴˴ϢĻᣬҶߵૣˣ㻹Ƿһء 
Ҿȵؽ㻹أ 
صͷӱʮ겻ӹȥ 
9 
Ǹߵҹȴǽϸȥһ꺦ҵڶʱֻܳ¶档Ը²÷ɽ˵ǹһأ˿Цáƿһǣʵôˣ 
÷弱æǰɥʵ֪½Ҫδ÷ɽ˵ȣʶ 
ãüҪ޴ʲô 
ϹɫҲ̫ãǲ췴ţ² 
ԴЦæϺӹһЦһʵ췴֮кμ⣿ 
ǶڲסЦ⣬ֻӹЦݣװһ˵췴ȴ󵨣б´Լĵ£ݹֱú󡣡 
⻰˵ͳһɽ˸ɶСͷԡ÷嵹˼֣æʾ÷ɽʿ 
Ǳ飬ȻҪ÷ɽɽй׼нݾӹǲչľͻᵽλ԰ˡ 
Ҽǰƽ¼ЦһƬ֮ģϣԺܹΪݰնıˣԹݣδץݣһҪȫץ̰ۻ¸֮Ҫװײܸϰһ¾ͷӹӲˡ 
æּһ·ҵݡ 
һݣߣʦ磬е˶ˡǲǸĵ 
ݾǶ˵ﱳɽٺļ紺ԣģǸƾʷĹҡҹ»Ƴһۣ㵹֪ 
ӲһЦʦ绹϶ţ 
ҰһۣûƵļһ 
һ㶣ּæĹˣûʲô˲ŵʦ¶ıΪ 
ʲôҶָһۡ 
ͻȻһѽҲʲô֮񣬱סһǡұǵϢðŭ㵹Խˣᱡˣ 
ɫһ䣬ЩˣȴӲػصʦ粻ã 
ҵɴۣˣʲô񣬵Թң 
ʦԺ¶ı飬˼ˣûвջġӵסңҶ૵ʦԽƯˣòĶ 
֣Ҳǰǰˡ 
˳ҵķһ·ȥ̧ͷ˵㻹֪Լģٷծǿܣ治˼ģ 
ʲôҰ˰֣ˣʲô˭Ƿծˣ 
㡪Լ֪ԼǰԱĸģваģǲ㣬 Ųұ¶ˡ棬˼Ҳ֪ݣǰɫ֮ͽĿϷŹֵʳ˵˵ţԽˣУƽױЩɫ֮ͽúǰһݲǡ 
ĻһڳԸɴסҲŭЦ˵ôô𱩣ԭǴ˴׹ӡ 
ܱЩһ죬ĵؽš 
òҲȷʵۣҲû˵ݰԼ˲סҪջĶԽԽˡǼ㣬ʦֵԵúý̵㣬µЩӲ׼ҡҲ֪ʦֵֶΡ 
ɴ۾㲻İɣ 
ﲻ棿治ˡƿһ˵Ǹĵȥɲз磬Եע⡣ 
˷˷ۣȴֻôƬֿ֮ʦȻȥҲȥߣ˵ʫ䣬Ǹۼī͵ıء 
ȥ˶೤ۡҺЦؿȸԾģ 
㶣ͻȻ˲ѵʦֵһ붯ıǶ壿 
ЦֻʵҳĹ֮Уһǿʢ 
ϱǿ붼ܴ 
ʵһԣ 
ʷƾãźʶԣ 
Զ 
ڡͻȻ̧ͷˡϣԲɿ 
岻ͱϡޱȷ˵ĸͬҲͬҶʷƾãĿ𱱷֮صıϡԣʹ֮ģҲ 
ΪδȻ壿˵˵İ˸֡ 
Цͷ϶Ȼ֪ġ 
붫ڣ֧Ԯ 
϶ϴδ̫ˣϲˣǲҪͶ̡Цˡ 
һԻ󲻽⡣ 
˶֪ˡ

ʮ 
һ·ʮ֮ɵʢʳĳǳءݡΪ󺣣ݵķ½ݲͬԳԵǳʵ࣬Ʒֱ֮࣬ĿĵزҺ̰ʣȻŹõĻᡣһ˵ʮǧȥˡ 
һҶ齵ĺ¥¥İƷ֮ĵھŶٺʼȡݳں¥ȻǮҲ˵Ĺ¥ǰףǽ̰Եһס죬һͶڶ¥ϣȻעĿ¥ϰϫҲ̲סк˹ͽ 
ϵĵġչ߷ɡ¶֮࣬ĿӼɴСĲ̡СҲˣЦŻλүõˣǽմġչ߷ɡõÿǼƷıᡣ 
ЦӦˣȴϻҲ˵ȫǷȵؾٿԼС 
һеĿӣЦǰûԹõģôû· 
һۣôȣ˽ǣζ粻֪˼ˣܺıȣ 
Сèҵ٩һ䣬еҲûţһɿضſӡ 
ô˵ԼҲңþ֮𣬻Ǳ⼸ˣ 
ĹˣҲЦ϶ԽˣҲҵ٩ֻϲԺʣøȥȾݸֻϺҲ֪ȴ˵ʶأ 
⻰һڣ£ô˵ǵٸϸ·ҪʳŶԡ 
Ǹ̰ԹЦͷ 
ȴͻȻɫҿǸϿǶĺãճҪöࣿ 
΢΢һ㶣ȻЦˣԽˡ֪ȡֻΪ˷ԺʣЦ 
Цţȴһ֣ӰڰкηԸ 
ȥ淢ʲô¡֪ؿ˿ڣЦڸڳԵΣ 
Ӱһ죬ܺã˵¥һ̽ȥˡ 
ҷûпɣˣϾȵҶ 
ˡһصͷ벻ӰҲ죿 
ǳԵùȻЦŵͷҲ벻ӿôɣ 
Ǹ̰ԵӡҹЦǳ֮á 
ӰƬ֮ػɷǹ졣Ǹӣ¥˱˵Ϸ 
ʲôʲô˱˵Ϸϲҿڱ 
ǸֲŮ֮һ˱˵Ϸˣ˫ִ壬ʶ 
ߵӰֲŮҺϻһۣʱ¡ߣȥ 
¥£ȴһطм䣬ҶƵ˰Χţѵλõ㣬ֻһ˿˳ۣ˼ϸˣҲϽһԭ˵ɫѹӰֲŮȻ÷欣Ǻ֪Ա𣬿»ֲԭж˵òȻͽӵĿӡ 
ϴʱȴҶСֹҺݣȻɾֲˡ 
ҰһۣûݣЩҲҵϷҡĻ㰲İˣһӡС־ҿȥˣȻһεϣǰͽӲҿ 
ʦ粻ԼǰҲʦôرȴԽԽʦرķϡ˶󲻹úЩȴûʦֹ˻ǵʡ 
һ£΢ŭ˵ԽԽûСˡΪôԾ˵ƽչȻ̫ˣ߳ëˡ 
ҷŭֻģ϶һʱʧԣʦˡɣ 
ҲֻȥǱ˶ԻȴǵͽһаЦˣܲ˰ɣԹԴ˱үʳһǣ 
ĵ̾˿ЩͽӵĻôǧƪһɣ˿ûиоҪϷ˼ңҲҪЩ˼ֶβҿһۣĵıҲµкƵ뷨ĿһתͣϡֻЦһġ 
ȻģǸ˼ˡԣǰǲм䣬Цλ£ڴ˵ʲôأ
ʮһ 
棿ǵͽƳһۣһȥû¡ 
ЦţȴλӲϲ㽻ѣοΪ˼ң 
ô£ҲԼķǾݣҺ̩үа滹Ҳأ 
Թŵͽλһģв֪Ц˶ٻءˣϱıʼδ䣬˳ţضһ˵ȣ̩үضֲ˺ȥֻ˳֣ʵڲҵƢθЦһ̩үû˵𣿡⻰ϵģ̩үϣ¶ѵĳôվϺ£һλˡ 
Ӷض㵽װȵֹţʦ磬ô 
֪ģϵ˵϶Ī£ʦڣ˭Ҷֺ 
̩үҲģ¶׹ضңô˳ͷˣҽѵ 
δ䣬ҽУµǰҶȻ˴ſڵϣܵشü̾ѿ 
Χ۵˾Ī֪ЩΪͻȻزȴһӣȻҲǸӣӰǵĶȻӲķۡ 
̩үƺҲƳЩ֣Ծһ⣬ȴǳǿûõļһǣǼ˵İˣʲôµģ 
ЩҶôܻһƵغţȫûյ档в£Խ߰ǵƣڱүĵͷ϶֣ҲƹٸǲǳصġͻȻ֣ܳǹʩΪ׵Ǹ˵үʲô£ 
ͷٲҪˡƣ컯յŴ˱үļҶ˵ɵδãһָҵ£ѹôţԭйٸ 
ضһѣֹԭأ 
һ˵ҲûٸҵĲ£ҵĲ˳ͬǵͽӳһеŭ⽥ʢˣ˭ˣүһֱվָͷûжһ£˵ҴļҶ֤֤ 
ү֤ҿġΣֵĲ죬ʲôˣ 
ͷЦһǰλүǵҪΪ⾣ݳ̫ش˼Ҫ֣ ֻõСڣһһ˰ɣ 
ЦҲ棡ҺϽ˸ɫЦҲǲȥ˵ֻٴϸˣ¼ûʦֵܱҲ˵ˡңǶû֣Ȼ˵ĲˣǱߵıɽˡ 
˲ƳһۣòŵȥҲá 
̩үȴ˱˻ҪԣôʲôͨͨˣҸȥ 
֪Ĵġţȴλ̩үǴ˵صĸ̨ 
ʵһ㶣ǣʲô 
˵ҴļҶ˹٣Ӧǿԭǡôаѱԭȥʵĵ㽫ʢɷںδҪҪ棬Ҳǹٸ˵㣬ʲôʸ˽ʣ˾ҷ㣬ֻ˾Ȼõȥ򡣡һһһģֻһҧ˵ȥžȥţ㲻ɣ 
ͷȴ¶ݣһǰŵ·Сشս˵үǲҪ̫ǿӲĺãҲǻ˵̩үǵϵϵֶﲻ𰡣 
ϻһۣŪ˰죬ҵͽӵ岮ˣʼҾҲд˵ȲФӵܣ˺ղѡ˵ϵȴ֪һ·ݣôôŰ裿ҳţ⵽ݵؽĻ徿мң˵ʵҲ㲻أ 
һ͵Ц˲֪ٻأ˻٩Ȼһˡ 
ջһѣСӣǰɣ 
ֻݹٷŻ𣬲ǰյƣذһۡ 
ңͲݹˣգǰգ»ң 
֮СֹȻȥһĪӣҲ֪«ʲôҩ 
¶Цݣ߿˿λ̨գ˾𣬵ʱָС˵乫أ 
˵ͷ˵շԴԴͷԴ 
ԴͦġЦţҵ֣·úܡ񡣡 
֡һףܵȴޱȡ 

ʮ 
ʢǺεģһǺúܡȻòˣȴͷһ̤ȥУŷԭν⾰Ż֪ϰյǿԣǼ̵ȴֻСÿ 
ڹһݸ̨ξϡ 
Ǹ̨̩ɫ̩үԭˣ¹᲻үҪҪ֡ǰ¹Լ䰡 
üͷ⸮̨ǼҵȥġԭֻѵǵͽӶѣȴҪúõ׷һˡҲ֪Ļ׹ݣȻҵųҲҪҵݹٹš 
֪ˣæ˵ⰸӻˣǸ̨Ȼһ޹εСϥ㵽˭٣ǼҵļҳǲЬȥˡ 
󵨣Ȼ·ϣĿǸ̨˿̵ʮ 
һЦ֮Ī浱ϵ٣ҪΪıͼΪĸ֮ΡΪʲôҪͽһ޹ְŶͽ 
㡪ˣֱǷˡǸ̨ˣˣź򣡡 
ǷˡЦѡ 
˵ʲôЦ΢΢һ㶡 
˵Ƕ̣ǲǷˡ΢Цţѹеŭ⣬ߵǸ̨ǰ㲻ʵ飬Ҫ̣ 
ʵ飿ʵ·ϣͼı˿̵˹ټӡ 
ҵЦݸʢˣãã㶯ְҵ뿴ô·ϣͼıˡ 
ɵն 
⻰һ̩ǲˣˣôɱҲǴĵģֻҪѵҲˡǱүϵģ˭ָܶңʶôСӣҴ 
Ǹ̨˵žҪԸ̡ϰβס͸Ǹ̨ƣ۵ĶҶ 
ЦŻ֣϶Ҫִ˲ضˣ£ҵĻΪ䣬Ӱһ˸ˡ 
㡪ˣʵǷˡǳ͢٣Ұ˰ţǲͣغš 
ߵǰǽǿ⣬ǳ͢٣ǺǡܿͲˡ鷳϶˵ô 
ðŻ⣬ɱ⡣ 
ôأҹЦ 
ϼᶨصͷ 
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Ҳмֻ͡һĲҽУǸ̨Ȼһ̲ˮڹ֮ϡЦһô˵ңá 
Ǿʬ壬ת̩ǰţȻ̿ȫûǰģֻ֪£̫ˡ 
ô﷢ÿ̩үٸĺ̨ˣִΣ 
Դ˿ȴ˿ڣַǴճһı䣬ֻЩǣۿ죬濴ء 
϶һۣЦʦֵƽ֮ͽҪúýѵһǣճҳƬ̣˵̩үǵʣǳΣ 
ŵɫƴҡͷ 
ֻˡ˵⻰ʱƽ÷·̸۽ 
ʱƴͷеͣͣǵϵֶӣһŵǧúҪң 
ɻĻƫƫ˰ϡװȵӿôԭǻ׹ݣǿʧˡ֪̩үǸӰ 
ΪתæӦ˳Ҹ˳ү 
˳üͷϡǵô֣Ǳ⵽˾ݣ壬ǷأȴûиʵȨҲŻû䡣үȻҲеĻˣϵЦҲʢˡԭ˳ĹӣʵǵˡǼҺźΪӡҷԸ£̩ȴһŲסǳ֮ǰŪС˫۾ʱɵޱȾ޴󣬿Ҳôô 
Ӱǵڸſڡѹ̩һнﳤȥ˾ޱ䣬һʱӦԶˣ˾еϾ˸̨˸˳ӣݵݹٵæһˡ 
˵˳ݹ£ҶӷġһЦҷǶգҽ£ǵĽᵳӪ˽֮ 
Դؿ£òŵֵ°¹Ȼ䡣 
ЦԻ÷ԴּЦˡǣȴǹѰ·ֲɱֻ֡ǵ˷Դֵг̣δ֦ڣҪԴȥ壬ʱٷָ·Ƚϱա 

ʮ 
ԴȻӦˡ˳صִͨĹؿ̩ƵأϦϦһǡҺ˵صЦţǷԴҲ֣ףԹԵųķ羰 
˹ؿ˷ſ̩ϦϦڲݵϣɫѿýúȻ͵˶壬ԷҰɣ 
ϹȥһƣЦ֪ˣԺ󻹸Լǻ׹ݣ𣿡 
ңˡ 
һţ˳ĶӣȥҪźͻʵǱֵܾ˼ëúüβ˲¡˰ѾµСӲϿ˸񡱵ΪǲңˣǣֻҪҵ£׼֪ǱˣҷһСҲûĺãסûУ 
۵ĺ£ȴæصͷӦǣǡСٲˡ 
뿪ȴзԴһקסȵȣǰϷСү»ûءˣ 
̩ʶԼǵĶǲǵˣǣ˵ءæͷ 
ԴҲȡСѧҵټһ硱֣ȻŽ˵ɣ 
ֻ̩һ̵ˡҺӶЦ̩ϱ֣ԺŶˣ˵ˡһ񣬹ȻǴġķԴļЦԴֹȻЩ˼ 
ѵõض¶˸ЦݵЦݣ«Ȥ 
˵İ취ҵԭ⣬¶ݣ ûô׷̩һ˵ȣֻɱ˸̨ϴ̸֣ͷ 
ҷԸ׼̣ȻһʵԴִȥ 
΢΢һ㶣ŵԭûʲôرȥĵطǴ 
ȥǣ˵³иӢᣬīͶۼһãƷʫ۴ʡĳĲţȴȥʶʶ 
üȥǣ 
ԴϾʦֵܽͬΣҶ롣 
ƺЩУƬ̺ǴӦˡ˾ʹŶλˡ 
ЦͬУʵǼ£ţʦ˵˵öԲԣ 
֪ûңҲֻЦߵ飬Ȼҵĸ 
ЦŰһֻۣʦֿأ 
ֳԸɴף÷ԴЦһѣԽûûСˣԴֶຣ 
Դҡҡͷֻɻ˺ˣ 
һ㶣Ҳû˼ 
˺ˣȻȴֱҪϾͯˣһ棿ұɸȴƫƫϸˡˣ˿̰ߵֺγǣ 
һҹʼճ˼ðޡ 
峿¶ɽȻ̵֦ϡǿŽ䲻¶΢ĽŲʱ֪ϡ 
һҹ˯ʲô£ʵ 
һͷһۣתȥ¶顣 
ϼҲؽһϣȻתˣƫ 
ͷһ϶ңɻ룿 
һ㶣ؽ§ôͻȻ˵ѵʦַ϶ˣ 
죬Ц᣿һ˺˼ˡ 
Ͼ뿪壬ʹˣˣҪɱңҲһüͷ˵һ֡ 
ҶݵòŵлĲֹһ϶϶Թ 
ϸʦʱ֪ʦ˼ôԹһֿ˿ûɵش 
ҵ˵ͷֵ˵ͷһۣʵ޻ʲôϵȻȱһǣԵúƾɡ 
ЩֵؿҽӷŽ 
˵ĸΪҺúñ𣿡 
һݵؽ⣬֮⣬ұ˥Ҳ磬֮𻳹ءУ 
꣬Ȼ档ȥϵˮУ϶ҵ˼𣿡 
ˣҶġ

ʮ 
ɽ죬 
īɫͷ 
ȥ 
ȴ֪ꡣ 
붫֮ĵڶϸʱʱʮաЩΪϳӢð꣬һ·ϵҲ޻ʮһ춽˷ǣﵽǵĿĵֻչ⾰ 
岻Źһ·ʤżֻ࣬Ĳڴˣˡ 
ʲ󶼳ǣȴҲְַ١յ겢ûдǵĺ£סĿջУڶࡣ 
ǷԴȴʱĬˡ 
Լżõɶʷǳԣ̰ԵصһӺòˡҲȥΪ⡣ 
Դĳ࣬Ҳ̲סЦ»ͷһμʶֵ˺ŵĳࡣĳӼ˱ضԺǳ 
˹ЦԴ˵̫ˣǸ̰ԹͶ̥ԿԳԵ˷ơ 
ǰԳɣԷԴֵܳƺֻæԺȣҲǶˣò˵ҪԲζǰ˹ģǿԼѡ 
ҳͷԵļⷡԴֲҪǡ 
Դҡҡͷֵģ֪չ˵÷ǳãԳȻңɼĽ֮ɫԼС 
ͳ࿡⸱֮ɫȻһη¡Ҳһ㶣ΪʲĮǧҳ䲻ʵԴʵǶ˰ɣ 
һ㶣òŵ˵ͷȴûӦ 
ҲΪ⣬˵ųз磬ԭ·ԴҲʦֵܵĹϵ 
æҡͷûС 
ҺϾЦˣΪûУ֡𣿡 
ɫ΢䣬Ĭ 
΢ЦԴֲصģΪص壬һֱ䡣ֻǴ춹ģſѯʡ 
εؿЦһǶ˶ʢɣжã 
̾˿ҪÿԼȡġ 
͵̧ͷȡ 
ûǲõأ׵ãĵһжҪԼԴ֣Ҹóһ£ 
˫Ŀͫ͵طŴ󣬺Ȼʵ㾿Ǻˣ 
Ц̾αװͿأһ·β£᲻֪µݣ 
ȻʢĻʵۣԭ֪ҵݣȴղſ̻¶壬ʵʼո˰ʾ 
Ǳ˴˱˴ˡҸ֪̫ӷݳɷ磬ŷȻйҶָΪȻֻ˵ʵ顣 
֪֮꣬ҲСè㾯ͻȻ壬ʲ⣿ 
˵أЦ 
㩤̲ҹҲǳɵµҵĿġ 
ЦЦȷĴ𸴡 
ȴȫȻϣŭ˵Ȱ⣬Ҷʢ׸ȻȫԲὫԼĹҹá 
Цݸʢȷ 
㩤ͻȻɴۣһı飬Ȼҡͷģ粻ᱳңᱳѹҵġ 
ĸϷֳ̫ߣеĴȨݳɷСҪȡ壬ʵ練ơһҲںᷴ 
㩤ҿ˰죬ͻȻ侲ΪʲҪң 
̾ϢֻǸĿˣİսɽСֻݣ֪һˡ 
ֻΪҪңϾǶ̫ӣ˼Ҳ˵ϸܡ 
ãʢһսʤ㣿ͻȻͣеĿ˵ 
һ㶣˼ŵްաֻʢҪȡҲ£ҪСҶʵ 
ΪʵΣ 
ǿ 
ԱǿľʵʢǰҲֲ˺ô¹һսʢһȫȡơšݣΪҪûʤ㣿һɫ˵ 
⻰һʱɫһ䡣ĵһλ·²Ϥߵı飬¹һսΪ˧ȡʤġ 
ɫһ䣬Ǳ飿ȡ¹شʤĽ죿²֪˺⣬Ͽ޺ȴȡ˻ԻսĽ졣 
ϴ˿ҲίЦǲ¡ 
̾˿Ȼƺ쵽ʲᣬЦǲᷢ 
Ǵ̫ӣֻϧʱ̾˿ǵȷᷢΪҪ 
Ҫ 
Ͼ͸ߣһЧЦޱȡ 
㲻ع⣿ 
ҺӴЦ£ʲ᣿

ʮ 
ǳ£ֻȥѶϢСӰػһ˿һδ©֪֯;ʳʢܱߩڵйҡҪ멤κˮ½⣬ͳΪҵ֮պĶͿˮ½ľңֻǡڶķ֧֮һ 
ֻҺϻس֡ǺȻشö̫ӣǲμġӢᡱ˶ۼ춴ˣһ̽Ĵûᡣߩ˶һ뾭ľҡ 
ĵоģǾҵĵȨˡϵĹϵãһõǽǵϢӰǰӭӡӰҲǵ֮ǾҵһԱЩӱְǾͷõ 
ӱҺ϶ǳ졣һȺ˷ؽͷãס֮ᣬǺȻؼ˾ҵĵҩġ 
ǾĶҲϤȴϵϵġ˼Уǣ֣ͣص٩ȡЦ˵ˣ׼ϲľɽ룬Ȼ˺ʿѡһĶͣϣҺͷλ 
ϼæȲҪ֣ڸλ 
⻰Żعľļæǣһһ̫ӵ£Լҵ̫ӣΪҵĵȻǼģԼǰԾ 
ֻЦЦ𻰡 
ҡͷЦ϶ɵÿĹϵˡ 
Цⲻǵ٩˭㽫ԼݲԼ¶粻ݣֻ͵͵ھĶֹ˼䣬Ǿɫ䣬òŹƽ 
һЦ˵񡣡 
ԭּݵĳʧԶӭıϲ¶ɫ˽ȴ֡ 
ϯ޻ɢ֮ʱĽҺһңװ¹оߵ֮񡣡²֪ϼݵ𷣡 
æסЦĲؾǿͣǾڣǲá 
ǣ 
ʶһǵӢᰡҵӢüãÿεĿĪΪɵ˲ŰһЦɽ¶ˮ 
ҡⶼǾıԶǣܽչӴʢľ󡣡 
̫ˡûǵܸɣܳɾͽľ棿ϲ蹦̵µ͵ذ˰֣εӢᣬЩʲῴͷ 
μӵĶЩɫſ¿۪˾ƺͶķĿȻһȻգȴӼûвμκ罻ˣ˵ӱ 
һĪۿˣǸãʢλ۶壬ضһˡԭۿܺһڴ⣿ 
Ҳԥһ£ҪҪȥ̽ݣ 
ЦҡͷءˮͣǾ䡣 
ۿܣʲأǷǳڴأ 

ס˾ݶůڰͷͿѻ 
ҹһֹ¹ڰգ䲻ȴϡůİ֮ϡۿܵĳҵϣȴ֮СӢ᱾Ǹ˲֮أʵ۵ܰһ̽ҵľȻҲܰѡ˲šֻڶ壬п谭ҵ¡ 
˼ϴӾˣ̤űе˲˯ 
ضЦЦ̧̧Ǻ 
дʲ᣿һѳȥϵľֽҵļͷ 
룬ݷƾȣ 
½ɺӰ뻨 
շת 
ӹ 
תԣ 
࿴Ӱ涣 
ʡ 

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ִ˫˫۽ 
ȴȥʱ 
ָɽΣ 
ģ 
С 
֮ 
᲻˵ 
д׵ģȻȴ֪в졣 
Թл᣿֪һѰεļ̣ԽȴԽ̾˿ӢҲҵʫˡ 
ȴϲҵס૵⣬֮⣬ұ˥Ҳ磬֮𻳹ءУ壬ϣβȴף 
˼ֻýס϶ͻǲͬġѳ£䲻ȴңɼ϶ȴҵġ𻷡Բһ 
Цˣ𣬽˲֡ҹȴ㣬㱳ҸдʫҪ´ 
Ц´ֻЩӣͲסį˰ɣ 
ҲŲܡҹƫҪ㡣Ҿĥ˫ָ̽ 
Ҳܣư͵غʡĥлȼĻ硣 
֮ʣͻȻƿѹסЦԣظ˰ɣ 
һ㶣æУҪأƤΪϣɳ 
ҹЦҵˡˣȥɣ˭أҲġ 
ȸԾؽѹ£㹦Ȳؽҵڡӯĸоҵ˼룬ŵĳҲĽڸȥҷԼԣһﶥ˵˲Ҹ 
ףҿԷ𣿿Էھε 
Ϊβ 
Ϊβ

ʮ 
֣ҵӢ²Ӽ˾ڴˣҲֻΪһڲӵķ绪;ĽһεӢ۪˾ƺͶķĿסйݣӯţ֮Ǿۼ˲ĽĲŵѧӼˣֻһĺݡ 
ҺϡеǵĽֵϣֻԶ˾ƵйſˮйͨΧ˲ˡ˳Һ϶ӶЦģȻеġ 
ҲɵЦˣäĿġ 
֪˾Ƿ봫˵ҺǱߴ 
ʵĴڣɼŲɾšһۣƺر£Ȼ٩ˡ 
Цֻǿһۡ 
ϵЦŸ͵Ȼأһʵڡ 
һѣ˵ˣԼҲʡ͵ĵơ 
һ·ЦžйǰϾ˾Ƴǣк֣λ𣿡 
ңǺɣҲشкλǡ 
ļæλ۪˾˾λӡӺͷ繫ӣס¡ 
˾Ʋ˵˾ƣλӡ 
ЦŰ֣˾ֲؿҵȷӣԵü˾ĺʵҡ 
æЦȻԵ缸λһȥйݣ˸ĻѵĲᣬдī͡ 
Ͻ˸ɫЦȻȤ֪Σ 
üͷһ壬ֲģȥҲû˼ 
Һһһ߽סˣôҲҪһͬȥǡ˵Ҳ᲻һ˹¿갡 
ǰư͵ؽ˾ѱµһˣƺƵؽ˷λڳйݡ 
йⲻһԳؿ֮ҵĵơǹȻҲǸˣòƽƽԼ͸˹ʣһϮɫĲ£ʵ޻ȴʡ˾෴ݻţǳڵòԳڲͬͲŻ硣ͬǵʱĺȴһһȴڡ 
⼸İ˵ĵóһʱƬ֮Ǿͱ˾ƺͷǵ۶Իپڶҵڽ뵽ǵȥ 
һյʱȥˣ۵ʫȤҽĿԱߵһ˯ˡ塣ҲǿɰֳҲܹ˯ţȻֻʺҰ׺Ͳڹá 
ſµĿ 
ڴӣ˱ضҲǷסֻһţҵ޷뿪ˡ 
ֻһ£ͷϴ˷òͬɫɴҡԼȴҵۺͶ˶Ǵе͡ҵĲ²Ҳû˿ۿܱˡ 
˺ѣǣʱһ㶣ȻĸȤغǴкԳλ̨ 
Ҳسֲ֣ض񡣡 
ĿӷǱתϣߣЦֺƣ֪ǷҼ 
ҲһЦǰСҲʶֻһʱǲ𾿾ںδˡ 
Цǰǰ˵ǰʶҲ޲أ 
ǰһ˵СܲšץסҪǰʲôԴ죬ʵǼȤ顣 
˵ۿܲͣصͷֹȻⲻ 
ҲңǷϵĹʶȻףҵȸӹ̣֮֮ 
һʫĲᣬ˿̵Ҷĳ 
ٶȴЦִ̫ǫ 
ؿҶ˿̲ЦԭλǾʶ 
Һۿܼͬ˵ǲʶ 
˵֮󣬶ӴЦ 
ҲͲµۿݣЦֹȻЩ˼ɿǾˡ 
ۿܵĿתϣҲЦֵܵĲ飬ĳأ 
ָȻ¹һۣʮһҹû¡ҲЦ˵˵ 
ۿôһ˵˲ע⵽ˡòҡˣᵹרΪƵġ 
˾ҲͶĿ⡣ 
ǷǸڵع裬ǳܵԳ͵ѣĳǶýύġ 
ҲƴǣһЦֿ£ͷ־裬ʵҵ 
֪Ĺϣ 
ºµʦܶʢ֮ˣλֵܵǵصĶˡ 
ˣϸش壬ͻȻ¶Ծɫ 
С˵򶨡 
æƽ飬ֻЦִݰ٣ԣ 
˰֣ʲôǶλ˲¶أָۿܺңһҲ˵ǶڣСʵڲʲô 
֮⣬̫ӶȲǵȻҡ 
һ㶣ۿһеĸˡ 
˷壬Цֵǿɰϰ𡣡 
һۣ²͸˼һȴϰСӵİϷ 
⻰һڣʱԾ 


ʮ 
徹Ȼƴ˻¶ҵݣ¶Цݣļͷ̫ӵʵǲ顣ݵʿԭɷſػԣҵ¶⣬ǻ˼ҵˣ 
ǷǼҲϣæʩ񣬡⩤ֻʢ̫ӵ¼ݵСʧԶӭ֮λຣ 
һʱ˷׷ʩҲƴǣֻۿܡƺԥǲʩƱ¶ݣǸʩʧϲһ¡ºЦؿԥֱ沿飬¶¡Ȼǲ¶ݣҪ 
æһסֲض񣬱ʿƽԲܳ԰ҿɲ뵱Ҵݣʢλһ棬֪ҪǷǣʱ˵¶㡣 
ϱδ䣬Ŀȴ¶м֮ɫ 
ЦֻʶһӢᣬҳ˴˻ύʶ֮ʿ¶ݡֻǷһʱʧԣɨλˡ 
Ǽæ֣أͬʱӴλͣʵ֮ɨһ˵ 
΢΢һЦµǵ£뷮λܡᣬҲ糣еĺã 
ǣǣȻǵͷҪõ 
䣬Цܺǲǣ 
Ҳصͷܺ棡 
ǸɰĺӣͷЦղŷ֣ԭ˿ɰ 
ɴҰ죬ȴ˵ߣЩǱʫʡ 
ۿܵѧŻȻڣ뷮ǡ˾ƶγ㶦֮ơ˴ǹལΪһʫеĳֵö۲ݡЦǣʫȻҵֱʡ 
Ҷ⵹ȤֻǺۿԭҲȴ˵緶Ƶ۵ʱϹȻڲͬҽΪƽУҪһ̡̳ 
ǷҲͬУͻȻңüĿ͸ŭ⡣Һ޹˼ɵա 
һЦѧϵ£ 
ۿǰһ᣿˵ʢȫţǫ飬ж⣬ҵȷɣ 
᲻ַֲűһֱ𣿡һɫشȴЦˡϲҶƫûһ±˶ԼйԹ˲ 
Ȼһʱһ죬һʱګګ֪λӦ 
һЦΩ²ҵػϽͣĪҪҼұ£¹ٿ֤ζް㲻е˼ 
ۿɫʱһףзơ 
æһϣЦ϶ɱ˵˼ӱ 
һһȥ˿ۿֿңƺЩ⣬˺ĵءȰοۿܣ¹Ȼ㣡ȻĲ׿ҲӦʧ˵ȣ˵⻰ֻ½ԼĶ֪Ц˿ۿܵķӦ 
Ȼ̲ŭؽе 壡 
úãյؽˡۿܱ±ç֮ȴҼʧǡҧгݵӣ粻֪Цˡ 
кμ̣ҺЦΪ˹ȫ֣ǰһµĺá˵ֲǷ۵ʫʵǱдʶڶǰԷƱ 
Ǻ˾Ʒ׷𣬡ʫϣǱ 
ȡǾʫ壬ЦϾ䵽ȥˡûȻˣ 
ϽӹˣҲЦȻأ¼ǵǱд춸붫֮ʱΪһ˼꣬ŵôʫ 
ؽʫ˳ɽɫīɫͷȥȴ֪ꡣ 
ۿ˰죬ģ 
ЦͷʫȻĹˣɽɫѸΪɽ졯 
ɽ죬īɫͷȥȴ֪ꡣ˾ƽҸĹʫ˳ζ˵һģƺû϶Уȴ˷¡ 
ȥǡ֣ƺҲͷҾ;áֹճ壬Ҫȴ֪ӺδīĵúãʫǷԭΪĪ 
ȴһۿܣʼղһò̾˿û뵽ʫ֡ 
Цʵֺ̾Ϣ 
ʫп⣬κγԾʡӦҰȴнƹСã⻰ҶС 
ӦҰȴнƹС̾˿ˣۿֺγˣãЦֹȻĲš 
ȲϱµĽڡ 
໥ӣ˭Ըá 
ľδڣ೶£óߵ̬ͽ⡣λǵĺʵڽСַ֮ʢҳ̫٣ʵǧѷĻᣬ̸֮ԭ޲ɡֻǲ߶ŷ̫ãΪɨˣСλʫ£پʫˣΣ 
һܲʣǱɢ˲ᣬԵ䵽ˡ [] 

ʮ 
Ǳ˷ǵˣǻصҡԻط֮󣬾ҵԺӣɫΪŵѯǷҪܷҵϢ 
ҡͷ˵ءƫҪ֪ҵ˶壬߻Ÿߵ̫ӡݳɷ磬֪ϣǺεķӦأ 
ɫһ䣬÷̫ҪЮݳɷ磿 
ԴЦȻɫһЦģ̳ϼ˶թתˣ޶Ը壬Ҫõ˱ӵֶ𣿡 
Ļֵ̿شͷ²˼֪ 
ϹһЦС˵ȷ黹죬Ǽʶˡľĵ΢ļ򣬰οĲģϲû˼ 
§ϣЦʣ㵹֪ҵ˼ 
ϲΪػص֪»мˣ 
϶ԽˣҾǰӡõһǣЦĲģûʧԡЩˣЦ˵ǾϷԣҪÿնЩϻ̳ϿֵףֻһĶ 
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̾˿㰡ǰ棬ƽһ㿴̲µҰġ 
ҹһЦҰĲìܰΪҰĶʧȥ˿ֵ֣̫ˣ 
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ҿãȻþòңǿֵġΪ飬ǿĵǰÿ춼óʵ֡ȻأõҪһ֮һԼҲ˵𰸡 
ֻĬĬؽұøһƬĬΩҶ˺ڶߡǶã˫ϣ˴˿طʱ˿̣ǿֵġ 

岻ϲЩ˴򽻵ƴϵľۻᡣۿȴﵽҵĿˡΪûˣҲƽȵ 
ձ󣬿һˡһ΢Ц˵ 
ǰʱҴţʢĵѶϢδ͸ۿҲ¶˾ıɫŭ 
ԭ㻹ǵãֺαسƺ˿֮䣬αؾڣҵ˿ûаڻʵۼӣЦ崺硣 
΢΢һ㶣ȻͷҲãյʥȻʢĻʵۣһûףأ 
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һƬȻ֮ڶҵУȴֻıϾƽĵ֡ 
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ҳ˼ã¶΢Цʢ壬ԸӶȻʵ۵Ըƶ壬Ϊʥʳ֮ 

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Ȼҵ촽 
ףһЦԼȤ 
ҵĴﲻֻʣһˡ 



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ɱ˾ͲˡЦſ϶ƺֳأ 
˫۽Ұסһӿϡ 
ЦĴҾ͹ˡ 
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